SynthesisNutrients2021
Evidence Update on the Relationship between Diet and the Most Common Cancers from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Empirically derived dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2026Pooled it
- Unveiling the Anticancer Potential of Urolithin A in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Oncology research · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lifestyle and Reproductive Factors Associated with Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Protein intake and cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society.European journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluating the potential impact of lifestyle-based behavior change interventions delivered at the time of colorectal cancer screening.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Scientific evidence supporting the newly developed one-health labeling tool "Med-Index": an umbrella systematic review on health benefits of mediterranean diet principles and adherence in a planeterranean perspective.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Pooled it
- National and subnational incidence, mortality and associated factors of colorectal cancer in China: A systematic analysis and modelling study.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Dietary intake and cancer incidence in Korean adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Epidemiology and health · 2023Pooled it
- The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Genetic evidence for associations between food intake and prostatic diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.The Canadian journal of urology · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer in Relation to Dairy Product Consumption: A Review of Current Findings and Potential Mechanisms.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Organ cross-talk: molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic interventions for diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Analysis and prediction of the burden of lung cancer attributable to diet low in fruits in China and the global from 1990 to 2021.PloS one · 2026Article
- Long-term yogurt intake and colorectal cancer incidence subclassified byGut microbes · 2025Article
- Health-Promoting Potential of the Mediterranean Diet and Challenges for Its Application in Aging Populations.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Degree of Food Processing and Incidence of Obesity-Related Cancers in the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" Project.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Examining the Omission of Dietary Quality Data in Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Clinical Trials: A Scoping Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Defining Optimal Nutrition Behaviors to Determine Benefit-Cost Ratio of Federal Nutrition Education Programs.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Veggies4myHeart digital game: an educational tool to promote vegetable consumption in preschool children - a multicentre experimental study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is a multicentre prospective study conducted in 23 centres in 10 European countries. Here we review the findings from EPIC on the relationship between diet-related exposures and incidence or mortality from the four most frequent cancers in the European population: colorectal, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and identified 110 high-quality studies based on the EPIC cohort. Fruit and vegetable consumption had a protective effect against colorectal, breast, and lung cancer, whereas only fruit had a protective effect against prostate cancer. A higher consumption of fish and lower consumption of red and processed meat were related with a lower risk of colorectal cancer; and higher consumption of fatty fish with lower risk of breast cancer. Calcium and yogurt intake were found to protect against colorectal and prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption increased the risk for colorectal and breast cancer. Finally, adherence to the Mediterranean diet emerged as a protective factor for colorectal and breast cancer. The EPIC study results are in agreement with the latest evidence from leading authorities on cancer prevention and help to inform public prevention policies and strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.