ReviewNutrients2021
Multifunctional Benefits of Prevalent HMOs: Implications for Infant Health.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2'-Fucosyllactose Effects on Preterm Growth, Tolerance, and Neurobehavior: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- A human milk oligosaccharide alters the microbiome, circulating hormones, and metabolites in a randomized controlled trial of older adults.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Trial
- The potential of human milk oligosaccharides in ameliorating traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive impairment in mice.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Special Milk and Synthetic Biology: A Dual-Perspective Review of Ingredient Substitutions in Breast-Milk-Simulated Infant Formula.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Changes in HMO profiles: from biochemical evidence to clinical considerations.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Plant-derived bioactives in early-life complementary foods: a nutritional blueprint for lifelong health.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Partial Replacement of Maltodextrin With Galactose in Post-Weaning Diets of Mice Alters Body Composition and Energy Metabolism in Early-Life and Programs Hepatic Igf1 Expression in Later-Life.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Supplementation with 2'-fucosyllactose, a prebiotic human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), in a magnesium-containing medical food reduces chemotherapy-induced mucositis in Wistar rats.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A comprehensive safety evaluation of approved 2'-fucosyllactose for human nutritional applications in China.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- A unique blend of five human milk oligosaccharides supports recovery of infant microbiome composition and function afterFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Human milk oligosaccharide composition, concentrations and association with maternal factors in the multi-ethnic Asian GUSTO cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Anti-Pneumococcal Properties of the Native Human Milk Oligosaccharide Fraction: A Concentration-Dependent Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sensitive Profiling of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Human Colostrum and Breast Milk by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry.Journal of separation science · 2025Article
- Expression of functional human sialyltransferases ST6GalNAc5 and ST6GalNAc6 in Pichia pastoris.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Necrotizing enterocolitis: specific human milk oligosaccharides prevent enteric glia loss and hypomotility.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Supplementation of 2'-Fucosyllactose in Formula-Fed Infants Has Potential Benefits to Reduce the Risks of Infantile Colic and Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2025Article
- Human milk IgA promotes normal immune development by limiting Th17-inducingProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Human milk oligosaccharide secretion dynamics during breastfeeding and its antimicrobial role: A systematic review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- 2'-Fucosyllactose Modulates the Intestinal Immune Response to Gut Microbiota and Buffers Experimental Colitis in Mice: An Integrating Investigation of Colonic Proteomics and Gut Microbiota Analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition during infancy and is associated with a broad range of health benefits. However, there remains a significant and persistent need for innovations in infant formula that will allow infants to access a wider spectrum of benefits available to breastfed infants. The addition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to infant formulas represents the most significant innovation in infant nutrition in recent years. Although not a direct source of calories in milk, HMOs serve as potent prebiotics, versatile anti-infective agents, and key support for neurocognitive development. Continuing improvements in food science will facilitate production of a wide range of HMO structures in the years to come. In this review, we evaluate the relationship between HMO structure and functional benefits. We propose that infant formula fortification strategies should aim to recapitulate a broad range of benefits to support digestive health, immunity, and cognitive development associated with HMOs in breastmilk. We conclude that acetylated, fucosylated, and sialylated HMOs likely confer important health benefits through multiple complementary mechanisms of action.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.