ReviewNutrients2021
Alternative Dietary Patterns for Americans: Low-Carbohydrate Diets.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symptoms during initiation of a ketogenic diet: a scoping review of occurrence rates, mechanisms and relief strategies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- A lipidomic and metabolomic signature of a very low-carbohydrate high-fat diet and high-intensity interval training: an additional analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Impact of a low-carbohydrate diet on cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with and without diabetes: An 8-year longitudinal study within the ELSA-Brasil cohort.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Article
- The planetary diet: a nutritional utopia in conflict with human evolution.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- A pilot study examining a ketogenic diet as an adjunct therapy in college students with major depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Salutary Effects of Nutritional Ketosis for the Diseased Human Heart.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Lifestyle Medicine for Obesity in the Era of Highly Effective Anti-Obesity Treatment.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Myths and Facts Regarding Low-Carbohydrate Diets.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Impact of whole-grain interventions on serum vitamin D levels in individuals at risk of diabetes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Exploring Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods and Diet Quality in the Context of Popular Low Carbohydrate and Plant-Based Dietary Approaches.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- A New Nomenclature for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD): Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT). Ketodiets and Nutraceuticals Expert Panels: "KetoNut", Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut) and the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI).Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Nutritional Considerations During Major Weight Loss Therapy: Focus on Optimal Protein and a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Pattern.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Beyond Obesity and Overweight: the Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Excess Body Fat In Children : Part 2 - the Prescription of Low-Carbohydrate Eating as the First Approach.Current obesity reports · 2024Review
- A Saudi Heart Association Position Statement on Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2024Article
- Opinion: Are mental health benefits of the ketogenic diet accompanied by an increased risk of cardiovascular disease?Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Optimization of nutritional strategies using a mechanistic computational model in prediabetes: Application to the J-DOIT1 study data.PloS one · 2023Article
- Applying a nutrition security lens to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to address metabolic health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Dietary protection against the visual and motor deficits induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The decades-long dietary experiment embodied in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) focused on limiting fat, especially saturated fat, and higher carbohydrate intake has coincided with rapidly escalating epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) that are contributing to the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other diet-related chronic diseases. Moreover, the lack of flexibility in the DGA as it pertains to low carbohydrate approaches does not align with the contemporary trend toward precision nutrition. We argue that personalizing the level of dietary carbohydrate should be a high priority based on evidence that Americans have a wide spectrum of metabolic variability in their tolerance to high carbohydrate loads. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2D are conditions strongly associated with insulin resistance, a condition exacerbated by increased dietary carbohydrate and improved by restricting carbohydrate. Low-carbohydrate diets are grounded across the time-span of human evolution, have well-established biochemical principles, and are now supported by multiple clinical trials in humans that demonstrate consistent improvements in multiple established risk factors associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recently recognized a low carbohydrate eating pattern as an effective approach for patients with diabetes. Despite this evidence base, low-carbohydrate diets are not reflected in the DGA. As the DGA Dietary Patterns have not been demonstrated to be universally effective in addressing the needs of many Americans and recognizing the lack of widely available treatments for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2D that are safe, effective, and sustainable, the argument for an alternative, low-carbohydrate Dietary Pattern is all the more compelling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.