ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Manufacturing and Examination of Vaginal Drug Delivery System by FDM 3D Printing.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-in-line 3D-printed intravaginal ring for nonhormonal contraception.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Quality by Design Approach for Hot-Melt Extrusion Coupled Fused Deposition Modeling (HME-FDM) 3D Printing: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- 3D Printed Vaginal Rings For Contraceptive Applications: Materials, Mechanisms, and Opportunities.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Personalized Vaginal Drug Delivery through 3D Printing: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Personalized Vaginal Drug Delivery through 3D Printing: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- First-in-line 3D-printed intravaginal ring for nonhormonal contraception.Research square · 2025Article
- Applications and challenges of 3D printing in female reproductive system research.3D printing in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Personalization of Intravaginal rings by droplet deposition modeling based 3D printing technology.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Review
- Next-Generation Contraceptive Intravaginal Ring: Comparison of Etonogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol In Vitro and In Vivo Release from 3D-Printed Intravaginal Ring and NuvaRing.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- A Novel Intrauterine Device for the Spatio-Temporal Release of Norethindrone Acetate as a Counter-Estrogenic Intervention in the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Rising role of 3D-printing in delivery of therapeutics for infectious disease.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Review
- Development of 3D-printed vaginal devices containing metronidazole for alternative bacterial vaginosis treatment.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2023Article
- Next generation 3D-printed intravaginal ring for prevention of HIV and unintended pregnancy.Biomaterials · 2023Article
- Three-Dimensionally Printed Vaginal Rings: Perceptions of Women and Gynecologists in a Cross-Sectional Survey.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Formulation and characterization of pressure-assisted microsyringe 3D-printed scaffolds for controlled intravaginal antibiotic release.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Release Kinetics of Metronidazole from 3D Printed Silicone Scaffolds for Sustained Application to the Female Reproductive Tract.Biomedical engineering advances · 2023Article
- Nanoemulsion Loaded with Clotrimazole Based on Rapeseed Oil for Potential Vaginal Application-Development, Initial Assessment, and Pilot Release Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Aerobic Vaginitis: Azithromycin Liposomes-in-Chitosan Hydrogel.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaginal drug delivery systems can provide a long-term and constant liberation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient even for months. For our experiment, FDM 3D printing was used to manufacture the vaginal ring samples from thermoplastic polyurethane filament, which enables fast manufacturing of complex, personalized medications. 3D printing can be an excellent alternative instead of industrial manufacturing, which is complicated and time-consuming. In our work, the 3D printed vaginal rings were filled manually with jellified metronidazole or chloramphenicol for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. The need for manual filling was certified by the thermogravimetric and heatflow assay results. The manufactured samples were analyzed by an Erweka USP type II Dissolution Apparatus, and the dissolution profile can be distinguished based on the applied jellifying agents and the API's. All samples were considered non-similar based on the pairwise comparison. The biocompatibility properties were determined by prolonged MTT assay on HeLa cells, and the polymer could be considered non-toxic. Based on the microbiological assay on
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.