ArticlePharmaceutics2021
AS1411 Aptamer Linked to DNA Nanostructures Diverts Its Traffic Inside Cancer Cells and Improves Its Therapeutic Efficacy.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nucleotide Metabolism in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2026Review
- Membrane-anchored DNA nanodevice with allosteric aptamer arms enables parallel probing and on-site drug delivery.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Smart Nanoformulations for Oncology: A Review on Overcoming Biological Barriers with Active Targeting, Stimuli-Responsive, and Controlled Release for Effective Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Exploring the G-Quadruplex Formation of AS1411 Derivatives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Aptamer-Conjugated Chemical and Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapy in MCF-7 Cancer Cells.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Development of dual aptamers-functionalized c-MET PROTAC degraders for targeted therapy of osteosarcoma.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Advancements in Aptamer-Driven DNA Nanostructures for Precision Drug Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- DNA-Based Nanostructured Platforms as Drug Delivery Systems.Chem & bio engineering · 2024Review
- Oxygen-producing and pH-responsive targeted DNA nanoflowers for enhanced chemo-sonodynamic therapy of lung cancer.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Nucleic acid nanostructures forApplied physics reviews · 2023Review
- Current Status of Oligonucleotide-Based Protein Degraders.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Discovery of Aptamers and the Acceleration of the Development of Targeting Research in Ophthalmology.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Review
- Folate-Functionalization Enhances Cytotoxicity of Multivalent DNA Nanocages on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- G-Quadruplex-Binding Proteins: Promising Targets for Drug Design.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Delivery of Molecules Using Nanoscale Systems for Cancer Treatment and/or Diagnosis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Progress in cancer drug delivery based on AS1411 oriented nanomaterials.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Insights into the binding mode of AS1411 aptamer to nucleolin.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Aptamer-Aptamer Chimera for Targeted Delivery and ATP-Responsive Release of Doxorubicin into Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The nucleolin-binding G-quadruplex AS1411 aptamer has been widely used for cancer therapy and diagnosis and linked to nanoparticles for its selective targeting activity. We applied a computational and experimental integrated approach to study the effect of engineering AS1411 aptamer on an octahedral truncated DNA nanocage to obtain a nanostructure able to combine selective cancer-targeting and anti-tumor activity. The nanocages functionalized with one aptamer molecule (Apt-NC) displayed high stability in serum, were rapidly and selectively internalized in cancer cells through an AS1411-dependent mechanism, and showed over 200-fold increase in anti-cancer activity when compared with the free aptamer. Comparison of Apt-NCs and free AS1411 intracellular distribution showed that they traffic differently inside cells: Apt-NCs distributed through the endo-lysosomal pathway and were never found in the nuclei, while the free AS1411 was mostly found in the perinuclear region and in nucleoli. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the aptamer, when linked to the nanocage, sampled a limited conformational space, more confined than in the free state, which is characterized by a large number of metastable conformations. A different intracellular trafficking of Apt-NCs compared with free aptamer and the confined aptamer conformations induced by the nanocage were likely correlated with the high cytotoxic enhancement, suggesting a structure-function relationship for the AS1411 aptamer activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.