ArticlePharmaceutics2021
RETRACTED: Norfloxacin Loaded Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Oral Administration: Fabrication, Characterization, In Silico Modelling and Toxicity Evaluation.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- RETRACTED: Khan et al. Norfloxacin Loaded Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Oral Administration: Fabrication, Characterization, In Silico Modelling and Toxicity Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Innovative inhalable dry powder: nanoparticles loaded with Crizotinib for targeted lung cancer therapy.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Development andNanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Treating Burn Infections With Topical Delivery of Positively Charged Norfloxacin-Loaded Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a Novel Liposomal Methylglyoxal-Tobramycin Formulation in Reducing Biofilm Formation and Bacterial Adhesion.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Microparticles Based on Poly(ethylene brassylate-co-squaric Acid) Loaded with Norfloxacin.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Exploring essential oil-based bio-composites: molecular docking andFrontiers in chemistry · 2024Article
- Optimization Preparation and Evaluation of Chitosan Grafted Norfloxacin as a Hemostatic Sponge.Polymers · 2023Article
- Recent Research Advances in Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Local Anesthetics.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOR), widely employed as an anti-bacterial drug, has poor oral bioavailability. Nano based drug delivery systems are widely used to overcome the existing oral bioavailability challenges. Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles (LPHNs) exhibit the distinctive advantages of both polymeric and liposomes nanoparticles, while excluding some of their disadvantages. In the current study, NOR loaded LPHNs were prepared, and were solid amorphous in nature, followed by in vitro and in vivo evaluation. The optimized process conditions resulted in LPHNs with the acceptable particle size 121.27 nm, Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.214 and zeta potential of -32 mv. The addition of a helper lipid, oleic acid, and polymers, ethyl cellulose, substantially increased the encapsulation efficiency (EE%) (65% to 97%). In vitro study showed a sustained drug release profile (75% within 12 h) for NOR LPHNs. The optimized NOR LPHNs showed a significant increase (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.