ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Zinc-Phthalocyanine-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Increase Efficacy and Selectivity of Photodynamic Therapy in Co-Culture and Preclinical Models of Colon Cancer.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles as biomimetic platforms for photo-assisted cancer therapy: evolution from synthetic nanocarriers to engineered therapeutic systems.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Drug-Loaded Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery: Advances, Loading Strategies, Therapeutic Applications, and Clinical Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Large animal models for investigating the applications of photodynamic therapy.Zoological research · 2025Review
- Applications and enhancement strategies of ROS-based non-invasive therapies in cancer treatment.Redox biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Expression of the αVβ3 integrin affects prostate cancer sEV cargo and density and promotes sEV pro-tumorigenic activity in vivo through a GPI-anchored receptor, NgR2.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Targeting the Gut: A Systematic Review of Specific Drug Nanocarriers.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Review
- Application of exosomes in tumor immunity: recent progresses.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- A Novel Multi-Effect Photosensitizer for Tumor Destruction via Multimodal Imaging Guided Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Engineered extracellular vesicles-like biomimetic nanoparticles as an emerging platform for targeted cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Current Challenges and Opportunities of Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- M1-derived extracellular vesicles enhance photodynamic therapy and promote immunological memory in preclinical models of colon cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Article
- Extracellular vesicles as a novel photosensitive drug delivery system for enhanced photodynamic therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising and clinically approved method for the treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of PDT is often limited by the poor selectivity and distribution of the photosensitizers (PS) toward the malignant tumors, resulting in prolonged periods of skin photosensitivity. In this work, we present a simple and straightforward strategy to increase the tumor distribution, selectivity, and efficacy of lipophilic PS zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) in colon cancer by their stabilization in purified, naturally secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). The PS ZnPc was incorporated in EVs (EV-ZnPc) by a direct incubation strategy that did not affect size distribution or surface charge. By using co-culture models simulating a tumor microenvironment, we determined the preferential uptake of EV-ZnPc toward colon cancer cells when compared with macrophages and dendritic cells. We observed that PDT promoted total tumor cell death in normal and immune cells, but showed selectivity against cancer cells in co-culture models. In vivo assays showed that after a single intravenous or intratumoral injection, EV-ZnPc were able to target the tumor cells and strongly reduce tumor growth over 15 days. These data expose opportunities to enhance the potential and efficacy of PDT using simple non-synthetic strategies that might facilitate translation into clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.