ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Space Maintainers Used in Pediatric Dentistry: An Insight of Their Biosecurity Profile by Applying In Vitro Methods.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of traditional band and loop space maintainer vs 3D-printed space maintainer following the loss of primary teeth: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Conventional vs. 3D printed band and loop space maintainers: a fracture strength analysis.3D printing in medicine · 2025Article
- A Preliminary Report Regarding the Morphological Changes of Nano-Enabled Pharmaceutical Formulation on Human Lung Carcinoma Monolayer and 3D Bronchial Microtissue.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Space maintainers have presented an increased interest due to their chemical composition which influences the electrochemical and electrolytic processes of the oral cavity, leading to important biological activity. The present study was purported to evaluate the biological in vitro activity of three types of space maintainers (S1, S2, and S3, differing from each other in terms of metal composition) used in pediatric dentistry, in terms of their antimicrobial effect and biosecurity profile using two types of keratinocytes (PGK: primary gingival keratinocytes, and HaCaT: human immortalized keratinocytes) by assessing the morphology, viability, cytotoxicity, and gene expression of the cells. Statistical differences were calculated by the one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey's post-test. Antimicrobial screening highlighted a dilution-dependent influence that, in the case of all strains tested, did not show inhibition or stimulation of bacterial growth. The in vitro evaluations revealed that the test samples did not induce important cytotoxic potential on both keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT and PGK), with the cells manifesting no morphological alteration, a good viability rate (above 90%: PGK-S1, *
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