ReviewMicroorganisms2021
Severity, Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Delta and Lambda Variants of SARS-CoV-2, Toxicity of Spike Protein and Possibilities for Future Prevention of COVID-19.
Review in Microorganisms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Restoring trust in vaccination: listening to patients and acknowledging Post-Acute COVID Vaccine Syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing hospitalisation and mortality: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Iran.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Who Gets Sick From COVID-19? Sociodemographic Correlates of Severe Adult Health Outcomes During Alpha- and Delta-Variant Predominant Periods: September 2020-November 2021.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A cardiotoxicity-eliminated ACE2 variant as a pan-inhibitor against coronavirus cell invasion.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Combined Infection Control Interventions Protect Essential Food Workers from Occupational Exposures to SARS-CoV-2 in the Agricultural Environment.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- mRNA: Vaccine or Gene Therapy? The Safety Regulatory Issues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Special Issue "SARS-CoV-2: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis": Editorial.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- A perspective on SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles vaccines.International immunopharmacology · 2023Review
- Trivalent SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Protein Vaccination Induces Broad Humoral Responses in BALB/c Mice.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Delta and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern from the western Brazilian Amazon.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2023Article
- Pathogen-host adhesion between SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins from different variants and human ACE2 studied at single-molecule and single-cell levels.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- The impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination on maternal-fetal outcomes.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2022Review
- Likelihood of COVID-19 reinfection in an urban community cohort in Massachusetts.Dialogues in health · 2022Article
- Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Potential Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic Options.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Molecular aspects of Omicron, vaccine development, and recombinant strain XE: A review.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Clinical and Virological Features of Patients Hospitalized with Different Types of COVID-19 Vaccination in Mexico City.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 220 million people and claimed over 4.7 million lives globally. While there are new effective vaccines, the differences in behavior of variants are causing challenges in vaccine development or treatment. Here, we discuss Delta, a variant of concern, and Lambda, a variant of interest. They demonstrate high infectivity and are less responsive to the immune response in vaccinated individuals. In this review, we briefly summarize the reason for infectivity and the severity of the novel variants. Delta and Lambda variants exhibit more changes in NSPs proteins and the S protein, compared to the original Wuhan strain. Lambda also has numerous amino acid substitutions in NSPs and S proteins, plus a deletion in the NTD of S protein, leading to partial escape from neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in vaccinated individuals. We discuss the role of furin protease and the ACE2 receptor in virus infection, hotspot mutations in the S protein, the toxicity of the S protein and the increased pathogenicity of Delta and Lambda variants. We discuss future therapeutic strategies, including those based on high stability of epitopes, conservation of the N protein and the novel intracellular antibody receptor, tripartite-motif protein 21 (TRIM21) recognized by antibodies against the N protein.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.