Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34683036›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Stress Levels and Mental Well-Being among Slovak Students during e-Learning in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Anna Rutkowska, David Liska, Błażej Cieślik, Adam Wrzeciono, Jaroslav Broďáni, Miroslava Barcalová, Daniel Gurín, Sebastian Rutkowski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Anna RutkowskaFaculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2456-8499
David LiskaDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Matej Bel University, 97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
Błażej CieślikFaculty of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7275-7860
Adam WrzecionoDepartment of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0264-8041
Jaroslav BroďániDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 94901 Nitra-Chrenová, Slovakia.ORCID 0000-0002-0126-8514
Miroslava BarcalováDepartment of Physical Education, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia.
Daniel GurínFaculty of Healthcare, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 87405 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
Sebastian RutkowskiFaculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8504-0129

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic has forced far-reaching changes in higher education. Isolation from peers and distance learning have significantly limited interpersonal contacts, which might have affected the mental well-being of students. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the level of perceived stress during e-learning among Slovak students and to identify the variables that have the most significant impact on mental health among students. The study included 3051 participants, 1773 women (58%) and 1278 (42%) with a mean age of 22.37 years. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were used to measure the severity of stress and depression level. In addition, an author's survey was used assessing the areas of social life, education skills, economic field, nutrition habits, and drugs. Almost all study participants were characterized by increased stress level and 47% of them were depressed. Moreover, isolation affected women more, especially in terms of social life and economics. It seems necessary to implement appropriate support programs for students, which could have the potential to improve their psychological condition.

Indexed as

anxietyCOVID-19depressione-learningmental healthSlovakia

Identifiers

PMID34683036
PMCPMC8544382

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.