Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34682996›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011-2020.

Fu-Huang Lin, Bao-Chung Chen, Yu-Ching Chou, Chi-Jeng Hsieh, Chia-Peng Yu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
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  7. Epidemiological Changes in Acute Febrile Diseases after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025
    Article
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  13. The Epidemiology ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022
    Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fu-Huang LinSchool of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan.
Bao-Chung ChenDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan.
Yu-Ching ChouSchool of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-4823-6541
Chi-Jeng HsiehDepartment of Health Care Administration, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 22061, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0001-8491-2223
Chia-Peng YuSchool of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-5961-0554

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The risk of the geographic transmission of emerging infectious diseases through air travel varies greatly. In this study, we collected data on cases of food-borne diseases between the years 2011 and 2020 in Taiwan to access the epidemiological features, differences, and trends in domestic and imported cases of typhoid and paratyphoid in terms of patient sex, age, month of confirmation, and area of residence. In this study, we made use of the open data website provided by Taiwan's Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) to extract the reported numbers of cases of typhoid and paratyphoid between January and December from 2011 to 2020 for comparison. Univariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Fisher's exact test was performed if an expected frequency was less than 5. A total of 226 typhoid cases and 61 paratyphoid cases were analyzed from the database. The incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid per million of the population were 0.42-2.11 and 0-0.39, respectively. There was a significant difference in the incidence of the diseases between the age groups (

Indexed as

domesticepidemiologyimportedparatyphoidTaiwantyphoid

Identifiers

PMID34682996
PMCPMC8544365

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.