Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34682846›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Spasticity: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy.

En Yang, Henry L Lew, Levent Özçakar, Chueh-Hung Wu

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06225024 (Evaluation of the Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06225024 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) Following Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection on Post-Stroke Ankle Plantar Flexor Spasticity

TypeinterventionalSponsorKayseri City HospitalRan2022 to 2023Enrolled40ConditionsStroke, Spasticity, MuscleArmsESWT, BoNT A
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

En YangDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
Henry L LewDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Levent ÖzçakarDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
Chueh-Hung WuDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-3979-3541
Hacettepe University · TRNational Taiwan University · TWNational Taiwan University Hospital · TWUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spasticity is a common sequala of the upper motor neuron lesions. For instance, it often occurs in the first 4 weeks after stroke and is seen in more than one-third of stroke survivors after 12 months. In recent years, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been recognized as a safe and effective method for reducing muscle spasticity. Possible/relevant mechanisms include nitric oxide production, motor neuron excitability reduction, induction of neuromuscular transmission dysfunction, and direct effects on rheological properties. There are two types of ESWT, focused and radial, with the radial type more commonly applied for treating muscle spasticity. Concerning the optimal location for applying ESWT, the belly muscles and myotendinous junction seem to produce comparable results. The effects of ESWT on spasticity are known to last at least four to six weeks, while some studies report durations of up to 12 weeks. In this review, the authors will focus on the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of ESWT in spasticity, as well as certain technical parameters of ESWT, e.g., the intensity, frequency, location, and number of sessions. The pertinent literature has been reviewed, with an emphasis on post-stroke upper limbs, post-stroke lower limbs, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. In short, while ESWT has positive effects on parameters such as the modified Ashworth scale, mixed results have been reported regarding functional recovery. Of note, as botulinum toxin injection is one of the most popular and effective pharmacological methods for treating spasticity, studies comparing the effects of ESWT and botulinum toxin injections, and studies reporting the results of their combination, are also reviewed in this paper.

Indexed as

extracorporeal shock wave therapymuscle spasticityrehabilitationreview

Identifiers

PMID34682846
PMCPMC8539559
OpenAlexW3207946543

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.