Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34682684›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

The Paradoxical Effect of Living Alone on Cognitive Reserve and Mild Cognitive Impairment among Women Aged 60+ in Mexico City.

Antonio R Villa, Elsa Guerrero, Ana M Villa, Rosalinda Sánchez-Arenas, María Araceli Ortiz-Rodríguez, Vania Contreras-Sánchez, María Alonso-Catalán, Benjamín Guerrero-López, Ingrid Vargas-Huicochea, Germán E Fajardo-Dolci and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Observational
  3. Living Arrangements and Cognitive Impairment Among Mexican American Older Adults: Nativity Differences.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Antonio R VillaResearch Division, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Elsa GuerreroUniversity Program of Health Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Ana M VillaResearch Division, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Rosalinda Sánchez-ArenasEpidemiology and Health Services Research Unit, CMN Siglo XXI, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-2043-9363
María Araceli Ortiz-RodríguezFaculty of Nutrition, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-0847-0261
Vania Contreras-SánchezDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
María Alonso-CatalánDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Benjamín Guerrero-LópezDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Ingrid Vargas-HuicocheaDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-9221-3139
Germán E Fajardo-DolciFaculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Claudia Díaz-OlavarrietaDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 3000 Ave. Universidad, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An elderly person who lives alone must often be autonomous and self-sufficient in daily living activities. We explored if living alone and marital status were associated with mild cognitive impairment and low cognitive reserve in a sample of Mexican women aged 60+ attending continuing education courses using a cross-sectional design. Objective cognitive functions were assessed using the MMSE and Blessed Dementia Scale. We administered the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire. Independence skills were assessed with the Katz index and Lawton index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. We recruited 269 participants (x¯ = 69.0 ± 5.8 years). Single, widowed, separated, and divorced women comprised 73% of the participants. A third lived alone and 84% had completed high school. Mild cognitive deficit was observed among 24.5-29.0%; the upper range for cognitive reserve was 61.7%. Living alone versus living with someone was associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.51,

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionCognitive ReserveActivities of Daily LivingAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMexicocognitive impairmentcognitive reserveelderly womenliving aloneMexico

Identifiers

PMID34682684
PMCPMC8535294

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.