Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34682600›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

The Effect of Rapport on Data Quality in Face-to-Face Interviews: Beneficial or Detrimental?

Melany Horsfall, Merijn Eikelenboom, Stasja Draisma, Johannes H Smit

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. More than meets the eye: phenomenological insights into the functioning of people with lipoedema.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025
    Article
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  8. Lived Experiences of Transgender Inmates in Barcelona Prisons: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Development of the First Patient-Reported Experience Measure (PREM) for Hearing Loss in Audiology Care-My Hearing PREM.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Melany HorsfallDepartment of Research and Innovation, GGZ inGeest, Specialized Mental Health Care, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3772-3600
Merijn EikelenboomDepartment of Research and Innovation, GGZ inGeest, Specialized Mental Health Care, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4934-6427
Stasja DraismaDepartment of Research and Innovation, GGZ inGeest, Specialized Mental Health Care, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0351-2012
Johannes H SmitDepartment of Research and Innovation, GGZ inGeest, Specialized Mental Health Care, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2062-8378

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The benefits of rapport between interviewers and respondents, in terms of recruiting the latter and motiving them to participate in research, have been generally endorsed. However, there has been less clarity with regard to the association between rapport and data quality. In theory, rapport could be beneficial if it motivates people to give complete and honest responses. On the other hand, efforts to maintain rapport by exhibiting pleasing and socially desirable behaviour could well be detrimental to data quality. In a large longitudinal epidemiological sample, generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyses were used to examine the association between rapport and the following three quality indicators: missing responses, responses to sensitive questions, and consistency of responses. The results of these analyses indicate an association between a high level of rapport and fewer missing responses. In contrast, we found more socially desirable responses for the high-rapport group. Finally, the high-rapport group did not differ from the low-rapport group in terms of the consistency of their responses.

Indexed as

Data AccuracyInterpersonal RelationsHumansconsistencydata qualitymissing responsesrapportsocially desirable

Identifiers

PMID34682600
PMCPMC8535677

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.