ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
The Pathogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential of the Interferon Pathway in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Autoimmune Diseases.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unravelling the connection between interferons and systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacodynamic Effects of Litifilimab in Lupus in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Study: Rapid and Sustained Reductions in Type I Interferon-Associated Gene Expression and Cytokines.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Trial
- Comparison of efficacy discrepancy between early-phase clinical trials and phase III trials of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Trial
- TLR7 in systemic lupus erythematosus: genetics and emerging therapies.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Early recognition and successful management of dermatomyositis-systemic lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome: case study of a young adult.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Beyond inflammation: siRNA strategies for precision targeting in rheumatological disorders.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Targeting JAK/STAT signalling with cold atmospheric plasma: a potential therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Anifrolumab-A Potential New Systemic Sclerosis Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Interferon levels and interferon-stimulated gene expression identify patient subsets with distinct clinical and immunological characteristics in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- What's New in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Guidelines, Biologics, and Beyond.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2026Review
- Persistent IFN-I signaling associated with the HIV-1 reservoir fuels immune exhaustion and reveals therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Age- and Sex-Dependent Variation in the Type I Interferon Signature of Healthy Individuals.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- PRMT1 in Health and Disease: Emerging Perspectives From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies.MedComm · 2025Review
- Review
- Anifrolumab for Nonsystemic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical Experience, Immunologic Insights, and Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Silencing IFIT3 suppresses the EGFR/VEGF pathway and modulates SOCS1 to attenuate skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Article
- An Integrative Mechanistic Model of Type 1 IFN-Mediated Inflammation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Article
- STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2025Review
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: updated insights on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Lower circulating mitochondrial DNA and increased mitokines suggest significant mitochondrial dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Therapeutic success in treating patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is limited by the multivariate disease etiology, multi-organ presentation, systemic involvement, and complex immunopathogenesis. Agents targeting B-cell differentiation and survival are not efficacious for all patients, indicating a need to target other inflammatory mediators. One such target is the type I interferon pathway. Type I interferons upregulate interferon gene signatures and mediate critical antiviral responses. Dysregulated type I interferon signaling is detectable in many patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases, and the extent of this dysregulation is associated with disease severity, making type I interferons therapeutically tangible targets. The recent approval of the type I interferon-blocking antibody, anifrolumab, by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with SLE demonstrates the value of targeting this pathway. Nevertheless, the interferon pathway has pleiotropic biology, with multiple cellular targets and signaling components that are incompletely understood. Deconvoluting the complexity of the type I interferon pathway and its intersection with lupus disease pathology will be valuable for further development of targeted SLE therapeutics. This review summarizes the immune mediators of the interferon pathway, its association with disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic modalities targeting the dysregulated interferon pathway.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.