ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Toxic Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate on Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblastogenesis.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adynamic bone disorder in chronic kidney disease: meta-analysis and narrative review of potential biomarkers as diagnosis and therapeutic targets.Renal failure · 2025Pooled it
- Betaine alleviates renal osteodystrophy by stabilizing ABCG1 mRNA to inhibit HMOX1-mediated ferroptosis in BMSCs.Genes & diseases · 2027Article
- Combined Docosahexaenoic Acid and Captopril Treatment Attenuates Indole Acetic Acid Induced Cardiovascular Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Targeting amino acid metabolic pathways: a novel therapeutic strategy for hyperuricemia-associated complications.Amino acids · 2026Review
- Indoxyl sulfate in the gut-kidney axis: from diet-microbiome interactions to renal injury and targeted therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Levo-Tryptophan Promotes Osteogenesis Through Calcium-Sensing Receptor.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
- The gut-bone axis in osteoporosis: a multifaceted interaction with implications for bone health.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Immune mechanisms in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder: current insights and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Aberrant Tryptophan Metabolism Manipulates Osteochondral Homeostasis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Chronic kidney disease as a catalyst for cerebral microbleeds: understanding the underlying mechanisms and treatment approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring theMetabolites · 2024Article
- Article
- Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Macrophage Toxicity and Therapeutic Strategies in Uremic Atherosclerosis.Toxins · 2024Review
- Article
- Potential effects of specific gut microbiota on periodontal disease: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the occurrence and development of periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Role and Regulation of Transcription Factors in Osteoclastogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Tryptophan intake, not always the more the better.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Is Adynamic Bone Always a Disease? Lessons from Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Indoxyl Sulfate Alters the Humoral Response of the ChAdOx1 COVID-19 Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and kynurenine, accumulate in the blood in the event of kidney failure and contribute to further bone damage. To maintain the homeostasis of the skeletal system, bone remodeling is a persistent process of bone formation and bone resorption that depends on a dynamic balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the toxic effects of uremic toxins. IS is an endogenous AhR ligand and is metabolized from tryptophan. In osteoclastogenesis, IS affects the expression of the osteoclast precursor nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) through AhR signaling. It is possible to increase osteoclast differentiation with short-term and low-dose IS exposure and to decrease differentiation with long-term and/or high-dose IS exposure. Coincidentally, during osteoblastogenesis, through the AhR signaling pathway, IS inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK, and p38 reduces the expression of the transcription factor 2 (Runx2), disturbing osteoblastogenesis. The AhR antagonist resveratrol has a protective effect on the IS/AhR pathway. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the multifaceted role of AhR in CKD, as knowledge of these transcription signals could provide a safe and effective method to prevent and treat CKD mineral bone disease.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.