ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Host Defense Peptides: Dual Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Action.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbe-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides: Immunomodulation and Gut Microbiota Homeostasis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Animal-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Intravesically administered human defensin-5 ameliorates E. coli induced catheter associated-urinary tract infections in female SD rats.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Ranalexin-1G: A Promising Antimicrobial Peptide Targeting Virulence and Host-Pathogen Interactions inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Antimicrobial Peptide, Dermaseptin DMS-DA6, a Promising Alternative to Conventional Antibiotic in the Treatment of N. brasiliensis-Induced Actinomycetoma.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- NF-κB/AP-1-mediated expression of the porcine cathelicidin proPMAP-37 suppresses inflammation by neutralizing LPS and inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Engineering the Host Defense Peptide from Scorpion Venom for Safer and More Potent Antibreast Cancer Activity.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- A Multidisciplinary Integrated Approach for the Identification and Characterization of the AMP Profile inInsects · 2026Article
- Liposomal Encapsulation Reduces the Cytotoxic Effects of Gramicidin S in Monolayer and Spheroid Fibroblast Cultures.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Host Defense Antimicrobial Peptides (HDPs) as Regulators of Hemostasis and Vascular Biology.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Resistance mechanisms of bacterial biofilms on orthopedic implants and research progress on novel anti-biofilm coatings.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Enhanced antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptide-antibiotic combinations against multidrug-resistant bacteria.FEMS microbes · 2026Review
- Dual-defense functionality of temporin-1LS from dark-spotted frogs (Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Defensins as natural antimicrobial peptide scaffolds against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens: mechanisms, resistance risks, and translational prospects.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Recombinant production of antimicrobial proteins in bacterial expression systems: Escherichia coli vs. lactic acid bacteria.Microbial cell factories · 2025Review
- Biomolecule-functionalized dental implant surfaces: Towards augmenting soft tissue integration.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Repositioning Antimicrobial Peptides Against WHO-Priority Fungi.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Tellurium nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents for multi-drug-resistant infections.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Expanding the Antiviral Spectrum of Scorpion-Derived Peptides Against Toscana Virus and Schmallenberg Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has once again caused bacterial infections to become a global health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), offer a viable solution to these pathogens due to their diverse mechanisms of actions, which include direct killing as well as immunomodulatory properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory activity). HDPs may hence provide a more robust treatment of bacterial infections. In this review, the advent of and the mechanisms that lead to antibiotic resistance will be described. HDP mechanisms of antibacterial and immunomodulatory action will be presented, with specific examples of how the HDP aurein 2.2 and a few of its derivatives, namely peptide 73 and cG4L73, function. Finally, resistance that may arise from a broader use of HDPs in a clinical setting and methods to improve biocompatibility will be briefly discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.