ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Transcriptional Regulation of GDF15 by EGR1 Promotes Head and Neck Cancer Progression through a Positive Feedback Loop.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- GDF15: A Hijacked Metabo-Hormone Orchestrating Cachexia and Immunosuppression in Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Context-Dependent Role of GDF15: GDF15Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory functions of growth differentiation factor 15 in skin aging and inflammatory dermatoses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Uncovering functional divergence and cellular clusters with specific gene signatures in HNSCC clonal spheroids.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- 6-Gingerol enhances the anti-tumor activity of temozolomide by inhibiting EGR1/GDF15 signaling in glioblastoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Multifaceted Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15): A Narrative Review from Cancer Cachexia to Target Therapy.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Mapping growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15)-mediated signaling pathways in cancer: insights into its role across different cancer types.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Emerging Roles of GDF15 in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Macrophages as a Source and Target of GDF-15.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Insufficient GDF15 expression predisposes women to unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss by impairing extravillous trophoblast invasion.Cell proliferation · 2023Article
- KLF4 suppresses the proliferation of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma by negatively regulating GDF15 and phosphorylating AKT.Oncology reports · 2023Article
- GDF15 deficiency hinders human trophoblast invasion to mediate pregnancy loss through downregulating Smad1/5 phosphorylation.iScience · 2023Article
- Increased expression and accumulation of GDF15 in IPF extracellular matrix contribute to fibrosis.JCI insight · 2022Article
- The Upregulation of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β/Smad Signaling in Bladder Carcinoma Cells.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in cancer: Beyond the cellular phenotype.Cancer letters · 2022Review
- GDF15 in Vascular and Liver Metabolic Disorders: A Novel Therapeutic Target.Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · 2022Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Regulates Oxidative Stress-Dependent Ferroptosis Post Spinal Cord Injury by Stabilizing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, has been reported to be overexpressed in different kinds of cancer types. However, the function and mechanism of GDF15 in head and neck cancer (HNC) remains unclear. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data show that the expression of GDF15 is significantly associated with tumor AJCC stage, lymph vascular invasion and tumor grade in HNC. In this study, we confirmed that knockdown of GDF15 attenuated: cell proliferation, migration and invasion via regulation of EMT through a canonical pathway; SMAD2/3 and noncanonical pathways; PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK in HNC cell lines. Furthermore, we found that early growth response 1 (EGR1) was a transcription factor of GDF15. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that GDF15 could regulate the expression of EGR1, which meant a positive feedback loop occurred between these two factors. Moreover, combined inhibition of both GDF15 and EGR1 in a HNC mouse xenograft model showed significantly decreased tumor volume compared to inhibition of EGR1 or GDF15 alone. Our study showed that the GDF15-EGR1 signaling axis may be a good target in HNC patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.