Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34681727›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

Promising Antiviral Activities of Natural Flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 Targets: Systematic Review.

Ridhima Kaul, Pradipta Paul, Sanjay Kumar, Dietrich Büsselberg, Vivek Dhar Dwivedi, Ali Chaari

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
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  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Bioactive Compounds ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  9. Luteolin-Rich Extract fromLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Impact of Glucose, Inflammation and Phytochemicals onAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ridhima KaulWeill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
Pradipta PaulWeill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.ORCID 0000-0001-6283-1596
Sanjay KumarCenter for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida 201308, India.ORCID 0000-0002-9186-6242
Dietrich BüsselbergDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.ORCID 0000-0001-5196-3366
Vivek Dhar DwivediCenter for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida 201308, India.ORCID 0000-0003-0767-1328
Ali ChaariWeill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.ORCID 0000-0003-0171-143X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a globally leading public health concern over the past two years. Despite the development and administration of multiple vaccines, the mutation of newer strains and challenges to universal immunity has shifted the focus to the lack of efficacious drugs for therapeutic intervention for the disease. As with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and other non-respiratory viruses, flavonoids present themselves as a promising therapeutic intervention given their success in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and more recently, in clinical studies. This review focuses on data from in vitro studies analyzing the effects of flavonoids on various key SARS-CoV-2 targets and presents an analysis of the structure-activity relationships for the same. From 27 primary papers, over 69 flavonoids were investigated for their activities against various SARS-CoV-2 targets, ranging from the promising 3C-like protease (3CLpro) to the less explored nucleocapsid (N) protein; the most promising were quercetin and myricetin derivatives, baicalein, baicalin, EGCG, and tannic acid. We further review promising in silico studies featuring activities of flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 and list ongoing clinical studies involving the therapeutic potential of flavonoid-rich extracts in combination with synthetic drugs or other polyphenols and suggest prospects for the future of flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2.

Indexed as

COVID-19 Drug TreatmentAntiviral AgentsCoronavirus 3C ProteasesCoronavirus Nucleocapsid ProteinsCOVID-19FlavonoidsHumansMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome CoronavirusPhosphoproteinsRhinovirusSARS-CoV-2Virus Internalization3C-like proteinase, SARS-CoV-2Antiviral AgentsCoronavirus 3C ProteasesCoronavirus Nucleocapsid ProteinsFlavonoidsnucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2PhosphoproteinscoronavirusflavonoidsMERS-CoVSARS-CoVSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34681727
PMCPMC8539743

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.