ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Analyzing Molecular Determinants of Nanodrugs' Cytotoxic Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the role of density functional theory in the design of gold nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery: a systematic review.Journal of molecular modeling · 2025Pooled it
- The biomedical application of inorganic metal nanoparticles in aging and aging-associated diseases.Journal of advanced research · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of nanogold incorporation into polymethyl methacrylate denture bases on microbial activity in implant-retained mandibular overdentures.International journal of implant dentistry · 2025Trial
- Biocompatibility of Human Fibroblast Cells Exposed to Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Environmentally Friendly Route.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Nanocarrier-Enabled Delivery of Glucosinolates for Skin Cancer Prevention and Therapy.The AAPS journal · 2026Review
- Two-step PEG-based surface functionalization of gold nanoparticles enables specific SERS imaging of EGFR in an ovarian cancer cell model.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Radiosensitizing Effect of Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized with Sodium Citrate and Thioglycolic Acid on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Polysaccharide-Modified Gold Nanorod and Polydopamine Nanocarriers for Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Biomedical Applications: A Comparative Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From scissors to editors: how the evolution of precision is redefining therapeutic genome editing.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Review
- Unlocking the potential of gold nanoparticles with insights into green synthesis, mechanisms, characterization and multifunctional applications.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Bridging the Lab-to-Clinic Gap in Intranasal Nanomaterial-Based Chemotherapy for Glioblastoma.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Are Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by 'Green' Synthesis Biocompatible?Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Using Naringin and Naringenin: Characterization, Biological Activities, and Cytogenotoxicity.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biosynthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles using Inonotus obliquus: A strategy for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Applications.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Sustainable gold nanoparticles using Jania rubens, targeted therapeutic potential in prostate cancer and mechanistic insights via GO/KEGG pathway analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- In vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of chitosan-coated gold nanoparticles on HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Colloidal Gold Dietary Supplements as Nanomaterials: Physicochemical Evaluation, Estimated Oral Exposure, and Preliminary Biological Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Carbohydrate polymer-based biomaterials for light-triggered Photo-Immunotherapy: Design strategies, immune mechanisms, and translational outlook.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Various Mechanisms of Quorum Sensing Inhibition by Gold Nanoparticles.Current microbiology · 2026Review
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent advances in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs), and more specifically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have led to tremendous expansion of their potential applications in different fields, ranging from healthcare research to microelectronics and food packaging. The properties of functionalised MeNPs can be fine-tuned depending on their final application, and subsequently, these properties can strongly modulate their biological effects. In this review, we will firstly focus on the impact of MeNP characteristics (particularly of gold nanoparticles, AuNPs) such as shape, size, and aggregation on their biological activities. Moreover, we will detail different in vitro and in vivo assays to be performed when cytotoxicity and biocompatibility must be assessed. Due to the complex nature of nanomaterials, conflicting studies have led to different views on their safety, and it is clear that the definition of a standard biosafety label for AuNPs is difficult. In fact, AuNPs' biocompatibility is strongly affected by the nanoparticles' intrinsic characteristics, biological target, and methodology employed to evaluate their toxicity. In the last part of this review, the current legislation and requirements established by regulatory authorities, defining the main guidelines and standards to characterise new nanomaterials, will also be discussed, as this aspect has not been reviewed recently. It is clear that the lack of well-established safety regulations based on reliable, robust, and universal methodologies has hampered the development of MeNP applications in the healthcare field. Henceforth, the international community must make an effort to adopt specific and standard protocols for characterisation of these products.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.