ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Biochemical and Immunological implications of Lutein and Zeaxanthin.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carotenoids in the Context of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern: From Food Matrix and Bioavailability to Biomarkers and Human Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Quantification of Macular Carotenoids over a Wide Dynamic Range in Plant Matrices and Caco-2 Cells Using a Single Transferable Analytical Method.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Variability in lutein and zeaxanthin content, fatty acid and phytosterols profiles, and genetic parameters of some Tagetes spp. cultivars.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Innovations in the Delivery of Bioactive Compounds for Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Vitamin A concentration in bovine liver and milk does not only depend on characteristics of the farming system.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Clinical management of eye diseases: carotenoids and their nanoformulations as choice of therapeutics.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- An Overview on the Effects of Some Carotenoids on Health: Lutein and Zeaxanthin.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Carotenoids Applied in Human Health: Technological Advances and Innovation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Innovative Bioactive Products with Medicinal Value from Microalgae and Their Overall Process Optimization through the Implementation of Life Cycle Analysis-An Overview.Marine drugs · 2024Review
- Sources, dynamics in vivo, and application of astaxanthin and lutein in laying hens: A review.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2023Review
- Exploring linker's sequence diversity to fuse carotene cyclase and hydroxylase for zeaxanthin biosynthesis.Metabolic engineering communications · 2023Article
- Metabolic Engineering of Model Microorganisms for the Production of Xanthophyll.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Widely Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Metabolite Diversity in Jalapeño and Serrano Chile Peppers (Metabolites · 2023Article
- Xanthophyll pigments dietary supplements administration and retinal health in the context of increasing life expectancy trend.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Review
- GATA transcription factor WC2 regulates the biosynthesis of astaxanthin in yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.Microbial biotechnology · 2022Article
- Optimal Nitrate Supplementation inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pistachio Nuts (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Throughout history, nature has been acknowledged for being a primordial source of various bioactive molecules in which human macular carotenoids are gaining significant attention. Among 750 natural carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and their oxidative metabolites are selectively accumulated in the macular region of living beings. Due to their vast applications in food, feed, pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals industries, the global market of lutein and zeaxanthin is continuously expanding but chemical synthesis, extraction and purification of these compounds from their natural repertoire e.g., plants, is somewhat costly and technically challenging. In this regard microbial as well as microalgal carotenoids are considered as an attractive alternative to aforementioned challenges. Through the techniques of genetic engineering and gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9, the overproduction of lutein and zeaxanthin in microorganisms can be achieved but the commercial scale applications of such procedures needs to be done. Moreover, these carotenoids are highly unstable and susceptible to thermal and oxidative degradation. Therefore, esterification of these xanthophylls and microencapsulation with appropriate wall materials can increase their shelf-life and enhance their application in food industry. With their potent antioxidant activities, these carotenoids are emerging as molecules of vital importance in chronic degenerative, malignancies and antiviral diseases. Therefore, more research needs to be done to further expand the applications of lutein and zeaxanthin.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.