Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34681243›Full record

ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Phage Cocktail Development for Bacteriophage Therapy: Toward Improving Spectrum of Activity Breadth and Depth.

Stephen T Abedon, Katarzyna M Danis-Wlodarczyk, Daniel J Wozniak

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
129citing papers in PubMed
21.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

129 citing papers in PubMed, 200 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Biocontrol of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy products using lytic bacteriophage UHP46: efficacy in milk, cheese, and yogurt.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. UropathogenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Development andMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Lipopolysaccharide-targeting treatments for multidrug-resistantExpert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2026
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Stephen T AbedonDepartment of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9151-2375
Katarzyna M Danis-WlodarczykDepartment of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Daniel J WozniakDepartment of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
The Ohio State University · US

Funding

The impact of bacteriophage therapy on wound infection dynamicsR01AI169865 · NIAID · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Daniel J Wozniak · 2022 to 2026
$3.7M
Phage extracellular polysaccharide depolymerases to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilmsR21AI156304 · NIAID · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ABEDON, STEPHEN T · 2021 to 2022
$429k
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation MCCOY19RONIAID NIH HHS R01 AI169865NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI156304United States Public Health Service R01AI34895United States Public Health Service R01AI43916United States Public Health Service R21AI156304
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phage therapy is the use of bacterial viruses as antibacterial agents. A primary consideration for commercial development of phages for phage therapy is the number of different bacterial strains that are successfully targeted, as this defines the breadth of a phage cocktail's spectrum of activity. Alternatively, phage cocktails may be used to reduce the potential for bacteria to evolve phage resistance. This, as we consider here, is in part a function of a cocktail's 'depth' of activity. Improved cocktail depth is achieved through inclusion of at least two phages able to infect a single bacterial strain, especially two phages against which bacterial mutation to cross resistance is relatively rare. Here, we consider the breadth of activity of phage cocktails while taking both depth of activity and bacterial mutation to cross resistance into account. This is done by building on familiar algorithms normally used for determination solely of phage cocktail breadth of activity. We show in particular how phage cocktails for phage therapy may be rationally designed toward enhancing the number of bacteria impacted while also reducing the potential for a subset of those bacteria to evolve phage resistance, all as based on previously determined phage properties.

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistancebacteriophage therapycombating resistancecombination therapyhost rangeJavaScriptonline appsquantitative biology

Identifiers

PMID34681243
PMCPMC8541335
OpenAlexW3202808319

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.