ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Currently Proposed Treatments of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of fasudil in COPD-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Intriguing Connection Between the Gut and Lung Microbiomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Management of COPD and comorbidities in COPD patients by dispensing pharmaceutical care following Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-guidelines (GOLD guidelines 2020): a prospective randomized clinical trial.BMC health services research · 2026Trial
- Jinshui Liujun Decoction attenuates cigarette smoke-induced small airway remodeling via the TGF-β/Smad2/CFTR Axis.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2026Article
- Review of risk factors and prediction models for multidrug-resistant bacterial pulmonary infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Review
- A novel two-hit murine model of inhaled occupational exposure-induced lung disease.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Global trends and inequalities in environmental risk-attributable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality among adults aged 80+ years, 1990-2021: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Current Therapeutics, and Future Perspectives.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Establishment of a prediction model for hospital mortality in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Effect of Incentive Spirometry Exercise on Perceived Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Stabilized Extracellular Vesicle Formulations for Inhalable Dry Powder Development.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood Nanoemulsion in Modulating TGF-β-Induced Airway Remodelling in BEAS-2B Cells.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- A rare case of lung abscess caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in an adult with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Educational Interventions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Care Homes: A Near-Empty Scoping Review Revealing a Major Evidence Gap.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Review
- NRICM102, a TCM Formula, Attenuates COPD-Relevant Inflammatory Lung Injury in Mice by Improving Pulmonary Function and Reversing Immune Dysregulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Prediction of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Machine Learning, Clinical Summary Notes, and Vital Signs: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Ironing out COPD: ferroptosis-driven immune dysregulation, metabolic rewiring, and precision therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The gut-lung axis in COPD: immunomodulatory roles of gut microbiota and novel therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 in lung disease: a review of its biology and therapeutic potential.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of COPD is progressive airflow obstruction primarily caused by cigarette smoke (CS). CS exposure causes an imbalance favoring pro- over antioxidants (oxidative stress), leading to transcription factor activation and increased expression of inflammatory mediators and proteases. Different cell types, including macrophages, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes, contribute to COPD pathophysiology. Alteration in cell functions results in the generation of an oxidative and inflammatory microenvironment, which contributes to disease progression. Current treatments include inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilator therapy. However, these therapies do not effectively halt disease progression. Due to the complexity of its pathophysiology, and the risk of exacerbating symptoms with existing therapies, other specific and effective treatment options are required. Therapies directly or indirectly targeting the oxidative imbalance may be promising alternatives. This review briefly discusses COPD pathophysiology, and provides an update on the development and clinical testing of novel COPD treatments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.