ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Pediatric Intensive Care: Fostering Variability to Attain Precision Medicine.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetics of Commonly Used Antimicrobials in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review.Paediatric drugs · 2023Pooled it
- Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Target Attainment of Cefepime in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- A prospective feasibility study evaluating the implementation of model-informed precision dosing in critically ill children.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Biofilm-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in PediatricAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The impact of an ex vivo paediatric renal replacement therapy circuit on antimicrobial concentrations.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Amikacin pharmacokinetics, target attainment, and predictors in critically ill children: a retrospective cohort.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Albumin and Other Plasma Proteins in Pediatric Patients: What, When, and How Much They Influence Antimicrobial Pharmacology.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Can a population pharmacokinetics model built on intermittent infusions accurately predict meropenem concentrations in children receiving continuous infusions?British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- β-Lactam dosing in critically ill children: predictors for target non-attainment.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Observational
- Dose Optimization of Piperacillin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Febrile Neutropenic Pediatric Patients.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the blood metabolome of extremely preterm infants: a pilot study on the impact of antibiotic therapy.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Piperacillin dosing in pediatric patients and augmented renal clearance: are current guidelines sufficient to achieve therapeutic concentration coverage?The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- The long walk to a short half-life: the discovery of augmented renal clearance and its impact on antibiotic dosing.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Review
- The Impact of an Ex Vivo Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuit on Sequestration of Antimicrobials.Critical care explorations · 2025Article
- Pediatric Anaphylaxis in the Emergency Department: From Mechanisms to Personalized Care.Cureus · 2025Review
- The Association Between Elevated Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Poor Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis Receiving Vancomycin: A Ten-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Cefepime in Critically Ill Children and Young Adults: Model Development and External Validation for Monte Carlo Simulations and Model-Informed Precision Dosing.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Article
- Acute kidney injury is associated with abnormal cefepime exposure among critically ill children and young adults.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Correlation Between Vancomycin Trough Concentrations and C-Reactive Protein in Neonates: A Retrospective Observational Study from a Tertiary Hospital in China.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a Bayesian dosing calculator for vancomycin in pediatric patients with augmented renal clearance.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Children show important developmental and maturational changes, which may contribute greatly to pharmacokinetic (PK) variability observed in pediatric patients. These PK alterations are further enhanced by disease-related, non-maturational factors. Specific to the intensive care setting, such factors include critical illness, inflammatory status, augmented renal clearance (ARC), as well as therapeutic interventions (e.g., extracorporeal organ support systems or whole-body hypothermia [WBH]). This narrative review illustrates the relevance of both maturational and non-maturational changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) applied to antibiotics. It hereby provides a focused assessment of the available literature on the impact of critical illness-in general, and in specific subpopulations (ARC, extracorporeal organ support systems, WBH)-on PK and potential underexposure in children and neonates. Overall, literature discussing antibiotic PK alterations in pediatric intensive care is scarce. Most studies describe antibiotics commonly monitored in clinical practice such as vancomycin and aminoglycosides. Because of the large PK variability, therapeutic drug monitoring, further extended to other antibiotics, and integration of model-informed precision dosing in clinical practice are suggested to optimise antibiotic dose and exposure in each newborn, infant, or child during intensive care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.