ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Clinical Efficacy of Repeated Applications of Local Drug Delivery and Adjunctive Agents in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich concentrates as an adjunct during nonsurgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Evidence-based dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- Phthalocyanine-based mouth gel as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized controlled trial.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Clinical and radiographic evaluation of melatonin and chitosan loaded nanoparticles in the treatment of periodontal intra-bony defects: A Randomized controlled clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Repeated local delivery of hyaluronic acid gel as adjunctive treatment of residual pockets in periodontitis patients undergoing supportive periodontal care. A randomized controlled clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Trial
- Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers loaded with quaternary ammonium compounds for localized eradication of periodontal biofilms.Materials advances · 2026Article
- Global pharmacovigilance analysis of antimicrobials used in periodontal therapy: safety profiles of minocycline, doxycycline, and chlorhexidine.Head & face medicine · 2026Article
- Bioinspired hydrogel for sustained minocycline release: A superior periodontitis solution.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- PLGA/HA sustained-release system loaded with liraglutide for the treatment of diabetic periodontitis through inhibition of necroptosis.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparative Study of Systemic vs. Local Antibiotics with Subgingival Instrumentation in Stage III-IV Periodontitis: A Retrospective Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- A Local Desiccant Antimicrobial Agent as an Alternative to Adjunctive Antibiotics in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Piperacillin-Tazobactam as an Adjuvant in the Mechanical Treatment of Patients with Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Application of Fullerenes as Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation: A Review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Comparative evaluation of postoperative pain and tissue response in patients undergoing conventional flap surgeries with or without 940 nm diode laser exposure - A randomized clinical study.Journal of education and health promotion · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to compare the clinical efficacy of repeated applications of local drug delivery and adjunctive agents (LDAs) in nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) compared to subgingival mechanical debridement (SMD) alone. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, hand-searched literature and grey literature databases were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with a minimum of 6-month follow-up. The outcomes of interest were changes in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level as well as patient-centred outcomes. Of 1094 studies identified, 16 RCTs were included in the qualitative analysis. Across 11 different adjuncts analysed, only two studies utilizing minocycline gel/ointment and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with indocyanine green photosensitizer had statistically significant differences in primary outcomes when compared to their control groups. Only one study on aPDT methylene blue 0.005% had compared single versus multiple applications against its control group. A mean range of 0.27-3.82 mm PD reduction and -0.09-2.82 mm CAL gain were observed with repeated LDA application. Considerable clinical heterogeneity and methodological flaws in the included studies preclude any definitive conclusions regarding the clinical efficacy of repeated LDA applications. Future RCTs with a direct comparison between single and repeated applications should be conducted to confirm or refute the clinical advantages of repeated LDA application in the nonsurgical management of periodontitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.