ReviewBiomedicines2021
The Role of Uterine Natural Killer Cells on Recurrent Miscarriage and Recurrent Implantation Failure: From Pathophysiology to Treatment.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of B Cells with Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Optimizing the Endometrial Factor in Recurrent Implantation Failure: From Established Diagnostics to Mechanism-Informed Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Multi-omics biomarkers in female fertility: from oocyte quality to endometrial receptivity and clinical translation.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- A Cross-Sectional Study on the Association Between Abortion and Bipolar Disorder, Major Depression: Evidence from the UK Biobank.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Role and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in endometrial receptivity remodeling.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Endometrium During Physiological Cycle.Physiological research · 2025Article
- Immunological Causes of Infertility: Diagnostic Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Implantation Failure: Where to Look Up?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Efficacy of glucocorticoids treatment in recurrent embryo implantation failure.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Review
- Menstrual Effluent Derived Immune Cell Composition Is Distinct in Women Using Contraceptives: A Pilot Study.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
- Immunological Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Mechanisms, Controversies, and Emerging Therapies.Biology · 2025Review
- The impact of GnRH agonists on endometrial immune cells in patients with adenomyosis: a prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Dyslipidemia and female reproductive failures: perspectives on lipid metabolism and endometrial immune dysregulation.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Immunological Aspects and Treatments of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Recurrent Implantation Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impaired implantation as a major upstream pathway of preeclampsia: a narrative synthesis of mechanistic, epidemiological and biomarker evidence.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Review
- Impact of antiphospholipid syndrome on placenta and uterine NK cell function: insights from a mouse model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Alloimmune Causes of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Cellular Mechanisms and Overview of Therapeutic Approaches.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Pregnancy rate and time to pregnancy after recurrent implantation failure (RIF)-a prospective cohort follow-up study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells constitute a unique uterine leucocyte subpopulation facilitating implantation and maintaining pregnancy. Herein, we critically analyze current evidence regarding the role of uNK cells in the events entailed in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent miscarriages (RM). Data suggest an association between RIF and RM with abnormally elevated uNK cells' numbers, as well as with a defective biological activity leading to cytotoxicity. However, other studies do not concur on these associations. Robust data suggesting a definitive causative relationship between uNK cells and RIF and RM is missing. Considering the possibility of uNK cells involvement on RIF and RM pathophysiology, possible treatments including glucocorticoids, intralipids, and intravenous immunoglobulin administration have been proposed towards addressing uNK related RIF and RM. When considering clinical routine practice, this study indicated that solid evidence is required to report on efficiency and safety of these treatments as there are recommendations that clearly advise against their employment. In conclusion, defining a causative relationship between uNK and RIF-RM pathologies certainly merits investigation. Future studies should serve as a prerequisite prior to proposing the use of uNK as a biomarker or prior to targeting uNK cells for therapeutic purposes addressing RIF and RM.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.