ReviewBiomedicines2021
Inflammation, Anxiety, and Stress in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of neuroimaging studies of adults aged 35 and older with clinical, symptomatic and genetic risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation for Mental Well-Being.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bruxism: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Applications of Mendelian randomization in psychiatry: a comprehensive systematic review.Psychiatric genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Multinutrient Supplementation in Children With ADHD Reduced Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Factors in the MADDY Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Trial
- Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers in School-Aged Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Trial
- Peripheral Inflammation In Adult ADHD: Sex Differences And Hematological Markers.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Machine learning reveals a multimodal, transdiagnostic signature of emotion dysregulation vulnerability across patients, offspring, and controls.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Immunoregulatory Effects of Sepia Ink on ADHD-like Phenotypes.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Self-harm in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Mediation by Resilience.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Inhibition of stress resilience and adult hippocampal neurogenesis by platelet-derived LPA16:0 in anxiety.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Decoding Causal Associations Between Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Iron dyshomeostasis in neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Shared biological pathways linking ADHD and cortisol variability are related to externalizing behaviors.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Photobiomodulation as a therapeutic approach for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in model rats.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Fueling the Cycle: Attachment, Cognition, and Emotion in Substance-Using Incarcerated Young Adults.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Biomarkers and Mental Disorders: A Relevance Analysis Using a Random Forest Algorithm.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Increased prevalence of urticarial diseases and antihistamine/corticosteroid consumption in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
- Abscisic Acid Rescues Behavior in Adult Female Mice in Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Model of Dopamine Depletion by Regulating Microglia and Increasing Vesicular GABA Transporter Expression.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent and serious neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Chronic and childhood stress is involved in ADHD development, and ADHD is highly comorbid with anxiety. Similarly, inflammatory diseases and a pro-inflammatory state have been associated with ADHD. However, while several works have studied the relationship between peripheral inflammation and stress in affective disorders such as depression or bipolar disorder, fewer have explored this association in ADHD. In this narrative review we synthetize evidence showing an interplay between stress, anxiety, and immune dysregulation in ADHD, and we discuss the implications of a potential disrupted neuroendocrine stress response in ADHD. Moreover, we highlight confounding factors and limitations of existing studies on this topic and critically debate multidirectional hypotheses that either suggest inflammation, stress, or anxiety as a cause in ADHD pathophysiology or inflammation as a consequence of this disease. Untangling these relationships will have diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications for ADHD patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.