ReviewCancers2021
Cardiac Toxicity Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07430501 (AcceleRating the Translation of Virtual Twins Towards a pErsonalised Management of Steatotic Liver Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
AcceleRating the Translation of Virtual Twins Towards a pErsonalised Management of Steatotic Liver Patients
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of Case Reports.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Avoidance of cardiac toxicity during the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a safety systematic review combining network meta-analysis and pharmacovigilance study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Comparative cardiotoxicity risk of pembrolizumab versus nivolumab in cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- MiRNA Regulations in Cardiotoxicity Induced by Oncologic Therapies and Possible Immune Response.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Myocardial involvement in inflammatory myopathies: from subclinical disease to life-threatening myocarditis.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity: from immune mechanisms to clinical surveillance and targeted therapies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure and history of malignancy: Data from Swedish Heart Failure Registry and the National Cancer Register.European journal of heart failure · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Dysregulation in Autoimmune Disorders: A Narrative Review of Therapeutic Implications.Cureus · 2025Review
- Leveraging Synergy: A Review of the Therapeutic Potential of SN-38 and Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Breast and Prostate Cancer Treatment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Triple checkpoint blockade of PD-1, Tim-3, and Lag-3 enhances adoptive T cell immunotherapy in a mouse model of ovarian cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Left Ventricular Dysfunction Caused by Combined Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib Following Doxorubicin: Which Agent Is the Culprit?JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Taiwan Consensus for the Management of Cardiovascular Risks and Complications in Patients with Prostate Cancer.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and myocarditis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide cohort study.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- SGLT2 inhibitors for prevention and management of cancer treatment-related cardiovascular toxicity: a review of potential mechanisms and clinical insights.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Myocarditis in Patients Starting Combination Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Analysis of a Commercial Claims Database.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Severe immune-mediated myocarditis caused by sintilimab combined with gemcitabine: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Pharmacovigilance study on the reporting frequency of atrial fibrillation with immune checkpoint inhibitors: insights from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2025Article
- The role of immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 in cardiovascular complications leading to heart failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are immune stimulatory drugs used to treat many types of cancer. These drugs are antibodies against inhibitory proteins, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, that are expressed on immune cells. When bound, they allow for increased stimulation of T cells to fight tumor cells. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors have several immune-related adverse effects. Many cases have come to light recently of cardiotoxicity as a result of treatment with these drugs. Cardiotoxicity from immune checkpoint inhibitors is unique due to its rarity and high mortality rate. Patients with this toxicity may present with myocarditis, pericarditis, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, conduction disorders, and others within just a few weeks of starting immune checkpoint inhibitors. We present here a review of the current research on immune checkpoint inhibitors, their associated cardiotoxicities, the timing of presentation of these conditions, lab tests and histology for each condition, and finally the treatment of patients with cardiotoxicity. We observe a positive skew in the onset of presentation, which is significant for the treating physician.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.