ReviewCancers2021
TGFβ Signaling in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- High IntratumoralInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanism of enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with paricalcitol and hydroxychloroquine.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Conserved Metastatic Cell States and Spatial Immune Microenvironment Remodeling Define Pancreatic Cancer Liver Metastases.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- ATM Deficiency Induces TGFβ-Mediated Stromal Programming in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Conversational Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Precision Oncology Reveals Context-Specific TGFβ and JAK/STAT Alterations in Pancreatic Cancer.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Convergence for Inactivation of TGFβ Signaling Is a Common Feature of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Peptides as integrative modulators for clinical prognosis and targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- The TGF-βR1 inhibitor galunisertib re-shapes the PDAC-TME by limiting decidual-like natural killer cells polarization.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Rationale for multi-epitope TGFβ vaccination in pancreatic cancer: evidence from immunologic and clinical correlates.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment shape pancreatic cancer unresponsive to current immunotherapies.World journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Clinical and translational results from a phase 1 trial of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel with nivolumab/ipilimumab or hydroxychloroquine/ipilimumab in untreated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Modeling CAF-tumor interactions to overcome therapy resistance.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Targeting Interactions Between Siglec-10 and α3β1 Integrin Enhances Macrophage-Mediated Phagocytosis of Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Tumor-associated neutrophils in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting TGF-βR1 Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer: A Potential Approach with Synthetic Flavanols.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- TGFβ Blockade by Inhibition of Enolase-1-Mediated Plasmin Targets Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Dual inhibition of CSF-1R and IDO modulates the fibrotic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- CLDN18.2-Targeted Therapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers.Cancers · 2025Review
- Quantification of Signal Transduction Pathway Activity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes, largely attributed to incomplete responses to standard therapeutic approaches. Recently, selective inhibitors of the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway have shown early promise in the treatment of PDAC, particularly as a means of augmenting responses to chemo- and immunotherapies. However, TGFβ is a potent and pleiotropic cytokine with several seemingly paradoxical roles within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME). Although TGFβ signaling can have potent tumor-suppressive effects in epithelial cells, TGFβ signaling also accelerates pancreatic tumorigenesis by enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrosis, and the evasion of the cytotoxic immune surveillance program. Here, we discuss the known roles of TGFβ signaling in pancreatic carcinogenesis, the biologic consequences of the genetic inactivation of select components of the TGFβ pathway, as well as past and present attempts to advance TGFβ inhibitors in the treatment of PDAC patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.