ReviewCancers2021
Immunotherapies in Genitourinary Oncology: Where Are We Now? Where Are We Going?
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chrono-immunotherapy in genitourinary oncology: From emerging evidence to clinical translation (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Integrated Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Machine Learning to Construct an EMT Infiltration Scoring Model for Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Paclitaxel and carboplatin after disease progression on immune checkpoint inhibitor for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Article
- Advancements in Hematologic Malignancy Detection: A Comprehensive Survey of Methodologies and Emerging Trends.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2025Review
- Dysregulation of ubiquitination modification in renal cell carcinoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Review
- Immune approaches beyond traditional immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced renal cell carcinoma.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Evaluation of FGFR Alteration Status in Urothelial Tumors.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Mechanism and Management of Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Toxicities in Genitourinary Cancers.Cancers · 2022Review
- Enhancing immune checkpoint blockade therapy of genitourinary malignancies by co-targeting PMN-MDSCs.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2022Article
- Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Uro-Oncology.Targeted oncology · 2022Review
- A Novel Prognostic Signature Associated With the Tumor Microenvironment in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For decades, limited options existed to treat metastatic genitourinary cancers, including treatment options that could be classified as immunotherapy. Historically, immunotherapy centered on systemic cytokines for the treatment of metastatic kidney cancer, which had several adverse effects, as well as the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine for non-metastatic bladder cancer. Within the past decade, advances in immunotherapy have led to several approvals from the United States Food and Drug Administration, particularly in the field of immune checkpoint inhibition. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now being used extensively to treat multiple solid tumors, including kidney and bladder cancers, and they are also being tested in many other cancers. Despite encouraging data from phase 2/3 clinical trials, less is known about biomarkers that may predict better response to ICIs. The effect of ICIs in genitourinary cancers is heterogeneous, with some tumor types having little clinical data available, or ICIs having limited activity in other tumors. In this review, we briefly discuss approved immunotherapy agents prior to the time of ICIs. Then, given the emergence of this class of agents, we summarize the several important ICIs and the clinical trials that led to their approval. Finally, we mention ongoing and future clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.