ArticleBiomolecules2021
Protocatechuic Acid, a Simple Plant Secondary Metabolite, Induced Apoptosis by Promoting Oxidative Stress through HO-1 Downregulation and p21 Upregulation in Colon Cancer Cells.
Article in Biomolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress on antitumor effects of sea buckthorn, a traditional Chinese medicine homologous to food and medicine.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- A Comprehensive Review on the Pharmacological Activities and Biosynthetic Strategies of Protocatechuic Acid.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside: Biosynthetic Regulation, In Vivo Metabolism, and Anti-Tumor Mechanisms-An Integrated Study Based onPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Anti-Cancer Effects of Quercetin: What Role Does the Gut Microbiota Play?Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Design and Synthesis of Protocatechuic Acid Derivatives for Potential Tumoricidal Effect against Hematological Malignancies.ACS omega · 2026Article
- The extract ofPharmaceutical biology · 2025Article
- Protocatechuic acid inhibits aflatoxin production and modulates gene expression in Aspergillus flavus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Discovery and Validation of Novel Biomarkers for Colorectal Neoplasia Detection via Plasma Metabolomics.MedComm · 2025Article
- Importance of Advanced Detection Methodologies from Plant Cells to Human Microsystems Targeting Anticancer Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Comparative Study on the Mycelium and Fruiting Body ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Integrated Microbiome and Metabolomic to Explore the Mechanism of Coptisine in Alleviating Ulcerative Colitis.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2025Article
- Bioactivity and biomedical applications of pomegranate peel extract: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Squalene in Nanoparticles Improves Antiproliferative Effect on Human Colon Carcinoma Cells Through Apoptosis by Disturbances in Redox Balance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The protective effects of protocatechuic acid against natural and chemical toxicants: cellular and molecular mechanisms.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Exploring the Antiproliferative and Modulatory Effects of 1-Methoxyisobrassinin on Ovarian Cancer Cells: Insights into Cell Cycle Regulation, Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Its Interactions with NAC.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Cancer-Protective Potential of Protocatechuic Acid: A Narrative Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Efficacy of Butyrate to Inhibit Colonic Cancer Cell Growth Is Cell Type-Specific and Apoptosis-Dependent.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Berries vs. Disease: Revenge of the Phytochemicals.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A pilot study on non-invasive in situ detection of phytochemicals and plant endogenous status using fiber optic infrared spectroscopy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Most Potent Natural Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Food Ingredients Isolated from Plants with Deep Eutectic Solvents.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers, particularly colorectal cancer, are mainly influenced by the dietary factor. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer thanks to the phenolic compounds, which possess antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. Polyphenols, alongside their well-known antioxidant properties, also show a pro-oxidative potential, which makes it possible to sensitize tumor cells to oxidative stress. HO-1 combined with antioxidant activity, when overexpressed in cancer cells, is involved in tumor progression, and its inhibition is considered a feasible therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. In this study, the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on the viability of colon cancer cells (CaCo-2), annexin V, LDH release, reactive oxygen species levels, total thiol content, HO-1, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and p21 expression were evaluated. PCA induced, in a dose-dependent manner, a significantly reduced cell viability of CaCo-2 by oxidative/antioxidant imbalance. The phenolic acid induced modifications in levels of HO-1, non-proteic thiol groups, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, reactive oxygen species, and p21. PCA induced a pro-oxidant effect in cancer cells, and the in vitro pro-apoptotic effect on CaCo-2 cells is mediated by the modulation of redox balance and the inhibition of the HO-1 system that led to the activation of p21. Our results suggest that PCA may represent a useful tool in prevention and/or therapy of colon cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.