Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34678376›Full record

ArticleNeuropharmacology2022

Investigating sex differences and the effect of drug exposure order in the sensory reward-enhancing effects of nicotine and d-amphetamine alone and in combination.

Kathleen R McNealy, Sydney D Houser, Scott T Barrett, Rick A Bevins

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuropharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 43% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The inside story: Interoceptive Pavlovian conditioning with the nicotine stimulus.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kathleen R McNealyDepartment of Psychology University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA.
Sydney D HouserDepartment of Psychology University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA.
Scott T BarrettDepartment of Psychology University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA.
Rick A BevinsDepartment of Psychology University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA. Electronic address: rbevins1@unl.edu.
University of Nebraska–Lincoln · US

Funding

Testing the Efficacy of Ibudilast to Attenuate Meth-seeking and Associated Synaptic Inflammation at the Synapse (TEAMS)P20GM130461 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN · PI KIMBERLY A TYLER · 2019 to 2026
$20.6M
Interoceptive conditioning with nicotine: Changes in abuse liabilityR01DA046109 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN · PI BEVINS, RICK A · 2018 to 2022
$1.8M
Pharmacological interventions to diminish nicotine associated respondingR01DA034389 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN · PI BEVINS, RICK A · 2012 to 2016
$1.4M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA034389NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA046109NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM130461
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nicotine enhances the rewarding effects of other environmental stimuli; this reward-enhancement encourages and maintains nicotine consumption. Nicotine use precedes other psychostimulant use, but receiving a stimulant prescription also predicts future smoking. Previously, no study has investigated effects of drug exposure order in reward-enhancement, nor with nicotine and d-amphetamine. Thus, we aimed to investigate how drug exposure order impacted the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine and d-amphetamine, alone and in combination. We used 20 male and 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats. Enhancement was investigated within-subjects by examining responding maintained by a visual stimulus reinforcer following a pre-session injection of either d-amphetamine (Sal, 0.1, 0.3, or 0.6 mg/kg) or nicotine (Sal, 0.03, 0.06, 0.1, 0.3 mg/kg). Twenty rats (10 M, 10 F) completed enhancement testing with nicotine before d-amphetamine. The other 20 rats (10 M, 10 F) completed testing with d-amphetamine before nicotine. Following these phases, rats were then given two pre-session injections: one of d-amphetamine (Sal, 0.1, 0.3, or 0.6 mg/kg) and another of nicotine (Sal, 0.03, 0.06, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg). Experiencing amphetamine before nicotine increased reward-enhancing effects of nicotine. Females exhibited greater effects of d-amphetamine on reward-enhancement, with no effect of exposure order. During the interaction phase, receiving nicotine before amphetamine enhanced the interaction between nicotine and d-amphetamine for females whereas amphetamine before nicotine heightened this interaction for males. From this, prior and current amphetamine use, in addition to sex, should be considered when treating nicotine dependency and when examining factors driving poly-substance use involving nicotine and d-amphetamine. Keywords: Adderall, ADHD, Dexedrine, operant, smoking, polysubstance use.

Indexed as

Reinforcement, PsychologyRewardSex CharacteristicsAnimalsConditioning, OperantDextroamphetamineDrug CombinationsFemaleHumansMaleNicotineRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySubstance-Related DisordersDextroamphetamineDrug CombinationsNicotineAdderallADHDDexedrineOperantPolysubstance useSmoking

Identifiers

PMID34678376
PMCPMC8627442
OpenAlexW3207339006

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.