ArticleGastroenterology2022
Burden and Cost of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States: Update 2021.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06883175 (Evolution of the Chicago Classification), which is not on this map. Cited by 430 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evolution of the Chicago Classification: Bridging Physiology and Mechanics
Who cites it
430 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 780 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term outcomes in recurrent diverticulitis: a systematic review of treatment strategies and recurrence rates.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnostic and Clinical Performance of Single-Use Versus Reusable Gastrointestinal Endoscopes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Pooled it
- Emergency minimally invasive versus open left-sided colonic resection for complicated diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Comparing Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) vs. Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in the Etiological Evaluation of Idiopathic Acute Pancreatitis (IAP): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Face-to-Face Versus Digital, Telephone-Delivered, and Self-Help Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Systematic Review and Bayesian Indirect Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of methylene blue for postoperative pain of haemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- British Dietetic Association Guidelines for the Dietary Management of Chronic Constipation in Adults.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- British Dietetic Association Guidelines for the Dietary Management of Chronic Constipation in Adults.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Guideline
- Linked color imaging versus conventional white-light colonoscopy for the detection of colorectal polyps.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Single-use versus multiple-use accessories in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review of economic evaluations.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and patterns of peptic ulcer disease in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Quality indicators for upper GI endoscopy.Gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2025Guideline
- Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk of pancreatitis: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- A comparative study of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy in the management of complex biliary stones: A randomized trial.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Functional disability after clinically significant extracranial bleeding: a secondary analysis of the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) Trial.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2025Trial
- Impact of difficult biliary cannulation on post-ERCP pancreatitis: secondary analysis of the stent versus indomethacin trial dataset.Gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2025Trial
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis exacerbates acute pancreatitis viaGut microbes · 2026Article
- Combined handgrip strength and incident chronic digestive diseases: a prospective parallel analysis examining broad and specific endpoints in Chinese and European older adults.Global health action · 2026Article
370 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsGastrointestinal diseases account for considerable health care use and expenditures. We estimated the annual burden, costs, and research funding associated with gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States.
methodsWe generated estimates using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; Nationwide Emergency Department Sample; National Inpatient Sample; Kids' Inpatient Database; Nationwide Readmissions Database; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program; National Vital Statistics System; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research; MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters data; MarketScan Medicare Supplemental data; United Network for Organ Sharing registry; Medical Expenditure Panel Survey; and National Institutes of Health (NIH).
resultsGastrointestinal health care expenditures totaled $119.6 billion in 2018. Annually, there were more than 36.8 million ambulatory visits for gastrointestinal symptoms and 43.4 million ambulatory visits with a primary gastrointestinal diagnosis. Hospitalizations for a principal gastrointestinal diagnosis accounted for more than 3.8 million admissions, with 403,699 readmissions. A total of 22.2 million gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed, and 284,844 new gastrointestinal cancers were diagnosed. Gastrointestinal diseases and cancers caused 255,407 deaths. The NIH supported $3.1 billion (7.5% of the NIH budget) for gastrointestinal research in 2020.
conclusionsGastrointestinal diseases are responsible for millions of health care encounters and hundreds of thousands of deaths that annually costs billions of dollars in the United States. To reduce the high burden of gastrointestinal diseases, focused clinical and public health efforts, supported by additional research funding, are warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.