ArticleCancer cell2021
Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-specific Th9 cells induces viral mimicry to eliminate antigen-loss-variant tumor cells.
Article in Cancer cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Why CD4+ T cells matter in adoptive cell therapy for solid cancers.Immuno-oncology technology · 2026Review
- FOXP1 Knockdown Reprograms Th9 CAR-T Cells to Overcome Antigen Escape.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Superantigens in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Engineering Strategies, and Therapeutic Potential.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Therapy-induced remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment: Mechanistic insights and implications for immunotherapy.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Macrophage-intrinsic and IL-9-dependent arginine metabolism promotes lung tumor growth.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Beyond CAR-T and oncology: broadening chimeric antigen receptor technologies across cell types and diseases.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting GPA33 with CAR-macrophages: a novel immunotherapeutic approach for colorectal cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Emerging role of RNA modification reader YTHDF2 in hematopoiesis, immunity, and cancer.MedScience · 2026Review
- Novel Combination of Irreversible Electroporation and Allogenic Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Synergizes Therapeutic Outcomes in a Preclinical Human Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Research on Targeted Therapy for Malignant Tumors of the Biliary Tract.OncoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Old dogs-new tricks: multifaceted functions of MAVS beyond antivirus activity in human health and diseases.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- Tumor Intrinsic METTL5 Modulates ATF4 Translation to Prevent T Cell-Induced Ferroptosis in Ovarian Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Loss of YTHDF2 enhances Th9 programming and CAR-Th9 cell antitumor efficacy.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- A little less reading, a little more type 9 action.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Sorafenib-treated Th9 cells exhibit superior anti-tumor effect in lung metastasis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Innovative Immunotherapy and Its Transformative Impact on Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Disease's Origins, Epidemiology, Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Adoptively transferred tumor-specific IL-9-producing cytotoxic CD8Nature cancer · 2025Article
- Review
- Multi-omics approaches reveal the mechanisms underlying the interaction between cyst fluid ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CD97 maintains tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem cells via mTORC2 signaling and is targeted by CAR Th9 cells.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Resistance can occur in patients receiving adoptive cell therapy (ACT) due to antigen-loss-variant (ALV) cancer cell outgrowth. Here we demonstrate that murine and human T helper (Th) 9 cells, but not Th1/Tc1 or Th17 cells, expressing tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), eradicate advanced tumors that contain ALVs. This unprecedented antitumor capacity of Th9 cells is attributed to both enhanced direct tumor cell killing and bystander antitumor effects promoted by intratumor release of interferon (IFN) α/β. Mechanistically, tumor-specific Th9 cells increase the intratumor accumulation of extracellular ATP (eATP; released from dying tumor cells), because of a unique feature of Th9 cells that lack the expression of ATP degrading ectoenzyme cluster of differentiation (CD) 39. Intratumor enrichment of eATP promotes the monocyte infiltration and stimulates their production of IFNα/β by inducing eATP-endogenous retrovirus-Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)/mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) pathway activation. These results identify tumor-specific Th9 cells as a unique T cell subset endowed with the unprecedented capacity to eliminate ALVs for curative responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.