ReviewNeuron2021
The learning of prospective and retrospective cognitive maps within neural circuits.
Review in Neuron, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prediction error correlates in the striosome-dopamine circuit emerge from information gain.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Memory erasure by dopamine-gated retrospective learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- How do we think and what is the neural circuit mechanism for it? Possible roles of working memory and inner speech in thinking.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Pre-existing and emergent cortical neuronal assembly sequences during learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Impact of symmetry in local learning rules on predictive neural representations and generalization in spatial navigation.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Learning Temporal Relationships Between Symbols with Laplace Neural Manifolds.Computational brain & behavior · 2025Article
- Prospective contingency explains behavior and dopamine signals during associative learning.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Noise Resilience of Successor and Predecessor Feature Algorithms in One- and Two-Dimensional Environments.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex jointly represent the cognitive map of task space.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Investigating Transfer Learning in Noisy Environments: A Study of Predecessor and Successor Features in Spatial Learning Using a T-Maze.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Humans adaptively deploy forward and backward prediction.Nature human behaviour · 2024Article
- Learning to express reward prediction error-like dopaminergic activity requires plastic representations of time.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The role of prospective contingency in the control of behavior and dopamine signals during associative learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Sensory cortical ensembles exhibit differential coupling to ripples in distinct hippocampal subregions.Current biology : CB · 2023Article
- Article
- Sensory cortical ensembles exhibit differential coupling to ripples in distinct hippocampal subregions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Mesolimbic dopamine release conveys causal associations.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Quantitative properties of the creation and activation of a cell-intrinsic duration-encoding engram.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain circuits are thought to form a "cognitive map" to process and store statistical relationships in the environment. A cognitive map is commonly defined as a mental representation that describes environmental states (i.e., variables or events) and the relationship between these states. This process is commonly conceptualized as a prospective process, as it is based on the relationships between states in chronological order (e.g., does reward follow a given state?). In this perspective, we expand this concept on the basis of recent findings to postulate that in addition to a prospective map, the brain forms and uses a retrospective cognitive map (e.g., does a given state precede reward?). In doing so, we demonstrate that many neural signals and behaviors (e.g., habits) that seem inflexible and non-cognitive can result from retrospective cognitive maps. Together, we present a significant conceptual reframing of the neurobiological study of associative learning, memory, and decision making.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.