Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34677812›Full record

ReviewCurrent obesity reports2022

Ultra-processed Foods, Weight Gain, and Co-morbidity Risk.

Anthony Crimarco, Matthew J Landry, Christopher D Gardner

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current obesity reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06737276 (Dietary Advice Training in Nursing Using Simulation and Interactive Fiction), which is not on this map. Cited by 82 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
18.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06737276 nacompletednot on this map

Dietary Advice Training in Nursing Using Simulation and Interactive Fiction: a Randomised Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of CadizRan2022 to 2022Enrolled60ConditionsSimulation Training, Computer Simulation, Diet, Food, and Nutrition, Nutrition AssessmentArmsInteractive fiction activities, Role-play simulation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Associating Dietary Sustainability with Health: A Focus on General and Central Adiposity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
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22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Anthony Crimarco *Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4553-4589
Matthew J Landry *Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2285-7702
Christopher D GardnerStanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA. cgardner@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-1530
Stanford University · USStanford Medicine · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to provide an update on the available data regarding the associations of Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with food intake and possible underlying mechanisms relating UPF consumption to weight gain and co-morbidities. RECENT

findingsIn primarily observational studies, UPF consumption is consistently associated with an increased risk for weight gain among adults and children and increased risk for adiposity-related co-morbidities in adults. In a single mechanistic study, consumption of UPFs led to increased energy intake and weight gain relative to whole foods. UPFs tend to be more energy-dense than nutrient-dense, and UPF consumption is associated with increased adiposity and co-morbidity risk. These data suggest that recommendations to limit UPF consumption may be beneficial to health - though further mechanistic studies are needed.

Indexed as

DietFood HandlingAdultChildFast FoodsHumansMorbidityObesityWeight GainChronic diseaseNOVAUltra-processed foodsWeight gainWeight management

Identifiers

PMID34677812
PMCPMC8532572
OpenAlexW3205944307

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.