SynthesisClinical oral investigations2022
Effects of xylitol chewing gum and candies on the accumulation of dental plaque: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Clinical oral investigations, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06329596 (Periodontal Disease and Alterations in the Oral and Vaginal Microbiome Communities Among Gravidae Chewing Xylitol-gum in Malawi), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Periodontal Disease and Alterations in the Oral and Vaginal Microbiome Communities Among Gravidae Chewing Xylitol-gum in Malawi: Microbiome Alterations With Xylitol (MAX) in Pregnancy Trial.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Xylitol-laced Sweets on the Accumulation of Dental Plaque : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International dental journal · 2025Pooled it
- Specific effects of xylitol chewing gum on mutans streptococci levels, plaque accumulation and caries occurrence: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Effects of Sugar Substitutes on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International dental journal · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of xylitol chewing gums and candies on caries occurrence in children: a systematic review with special reference to caries level at study baseline.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of sugar-free polyol chewing gums on gingival inflammation: a systematic review.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Pooled it
- Beneficial Effects of Xylitol Chewing Gum and Candies on Oral Health in Older People and Individuals With Disabilities: A Systematic Review.Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryPooled it
- Trial
- Geographical Variation Shapes Nutritional Metabolite Profile and Food Functionality ofMetabolites · 2025Article
- Effects of Chewing Gum on Plaque Index: A 3-Dimensional Colorimetric Analysis.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Developing Sugar-Free Chewing Gum With Stevia as an Aspartame Alternative.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Biologics ACE2/Ang(1-7) Encapsulated in Plant Cells for FDA Approval: Safety and Toxicology Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Real-time acid production and extracellular matrix formation in mature biofilms of threeBiofilm · 2024Article
- Oral Microbiome: A Review of Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Review
- Pine-Oil-Derived Sodium Resinate Inhibits Growth and Acid Production ofDentistry journal · 2024Article
- Delivery of biologics: Topical administration.Biomaterials · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial Effect of Low-Fluoride Toothpastes Containing Polyphosphate and Polyols: An In Vitro Assessment of Inhibition Zones.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesA systematic review of published data was conducted with the aim of assessing the effects of xylitol consumption on the amount of dental plaque. MATERIALS AND
methodsElectronic and hand searches were performed to find clinical studies concerning the effects of xylitol chewing gum or candies on dental plaque. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trials published between 1971 and 2020 conducted in healthy subjects were included in the review.
resultsThe initial search identified 424 xylitol articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, altogether 14 articles (16 studies) were reviewed. The review identified 12 of the total of 14 xylitol chewing gum studies as having fair or high quality. In 13 of the 14 chewing gum studies, xylitol gum decreased plaque accumulation. In six studies, xylitol gum chewing decreased plaque compared to sorbitol gum, and in three studies compared to gum base/no gum. In three fair-quality studies conducted with xylitol candies, plaque accumulation did not change.
conclusionsHabitual xylitol gum chewing appears to show plaque-reducing effects that differ from those of sorbitol gum. This suggests specific effects for xylitol on plaque accumulation. Xylitol candies appear not to decrease plaque. The heterogeneity of the studies warrants further research. Clinical relevance Habitual xylitol gum chewing is likely to decrease plaque.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.