ArticleJCI insight2021
Increased IL-6 expression precedes reliable viral detection in the rhesus macaque brain during acute SIV infection.
Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implications and prospects of immunological and neuroimaging research in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Anti-IL-15 treatment reduces acute lentivirus inflammation and signaling in the brain.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- The utility of nonhuman primate models for understanding acute HIV-1 infection.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Modulation and distribution of extracellular free water and tract deficits in rhesus macaques before and after the initiation of emtricitabine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate + dotutegravir treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Double, double toil and trouble: transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Neuroinflammation associated with proviral DNA persists in the brain of virally suppressed people with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Microglia and macrophages alterations in the CNS during acute SIV infection: A single-cell analysis in rhesus macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Microglia and macrophages alterations in the CNS during acute SIV infection: a single-cell analysis in rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Investigating the Role of Serum and Plasma IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, CRP, and S100B Concentrations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Chronic immune activation and gut barrier dysfunction is associated with neuroinflammation in ART-suppressed SIV+ rhesus macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Review
- Deprenyl reduces inflammation during acute SIV infection.iScience · 2022Article
- Learning to Be Elite: Lessons From HIV-1 Controllers and Animal Models on Trained Innate Immunity and Virus Suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Knowledge of immune activation in the brain during acute HIV infection is crucial for the prevention and treatment of HIV-associated neurological disorders. We determined regional brain (basal ganglia, thalamus, and frontal cortex) immune and virological profiles at 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi) with SIVmac239 in rhesus macaques. The basal ganglia and thalamus had detectable viruses earlier (7 dpi) than the frontal cortex (14 dpi) and contained higher quantities of viruses than the latter. Increased immune activation of astrocytes and significant infiltration of macrophages in the thalamus at 14 dpi coincided with elevated plasma viral load, and SIV colocalized only within macrophages. RNA signatures of proinflammatory responses, including IL-6, were detected at 7 dpi in microglia and interestingly, preceded reliable detection of virus in tissues and were maintained in the chronically infected macaques. Countering the proinflammatory response, the antiinflammatory response was not detected until increased TGF-β expression was found in perivascular macrophages at 14 dpi. But this response was not detected in chronic infection. Our data provide evidence that the interplay of acute proinflammatory and antiinflammatory responses in the brain likely contributed to the overt neuroinflammation, where the immune activation preceded reliable viral detection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.