ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2021
Strong Twirling-Rotating Manual Acupuncture with 4 r/s Is Superior to 2 r/s in Relieving Pain by Activating C-Fibers in Rat Models of CFA-Induced Pain.
Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of acupuncture intensity on analgesic effects in AA rat models.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Manual acupuncture for neuromusculoskeletal disorders: The selection of stimulation parameters and corresponding effects.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Effects and mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia mediated by afferent nerves in acupoint microenvironments.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Shared nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons participating in acupoint sensitization.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Potential mechanisms of acupuncture for neuropathic pain based on somatosensory system.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundManual acupuncture (MA) with different stimulus frequencies may give rise to varying acupuncture effects. However, the intensity-effect relationship and the underlying mechanisms of MA remain unclear.
objectiveTo compare the analgesic effects of different frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on rats with complete Freund's adjuvant- (CFA-) induced pain and explore the underlying mechanism via peripheral sensory nerves.
methodsFirst, 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 2 revolutions per second), 4 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 4 revolutions per second), CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA group. Rats in three CFA groups received an intraplantar injection of CFA to establish a pain model, while the rats in other three groups received an intraplantar injection of saline. Rats in the 2 r/s MA group and 4 r/s MA group were treated with the corresponding frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Kunlun (BL60) for 7 days. The ipsilateral nociceptive thresholds (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) were tested to evaluate the analgesic effects. Second, 9 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group, and 4 r/s MA group. The proportion of C-fiber neurons (calcitonin gene-related peptide- (CGRP-) positive neurons) and A-fiber neurons (neurofilament 200- (NF200-) positive neurons) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) activated by MA were quantitatively analyzed with the morphological immunofluorescence staining method. Third, 30 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA + RTX group, CFA + 4 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA + RTX group. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) was injected into the acupoints before acupuncture. PWL was evaluated to investigate the analgesic effect.
resultsBoth types of MA treatment increased the PWL of saline-injecting rats and pain model rats. Moreover, 4 r/s MA was superior to 2 r/s MA in increasing PWL. A higher quantity of excited C-fiber neurons was observed following 4 r/s MA than 2 r/s MA, while the reverse was observed in the activation of A-fiber neurons. Following the injection of RTX to inhibit the activation of C-fibers, the analgesic effect of 4 r/s MA reduced significantly but not of 2 r/s MA.
conclusionStrong MA (4 r/s MA) has superior analgesic effects to gentle MA (2 r/s MA) on CFA model rats, which is associated with C-fiber activation.
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