ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
Pulmonary Toxicities Associated With the Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Update From the Immuno-Oncology Subgroup of the Neutropenia, Infection & Myelosuppression Study Group of the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- CT-based deep foundation model for predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonitis risk in lung cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Baseline Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Risk Stratification Marker for Severe Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Two-Cohort Study With Retrospective Discovery and Prospective Validation.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- [Side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors : Focus on pulmonary events].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Key immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicities: from molecular mechanisms to clinical management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Intrathoracic manifestations of hematologic malignancies: a narrative review.Annals of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Copanlisib in Combination with Nivolumab: A Phase Ib Study in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Chemotherapy-Induced Bone Marrow Suppression: A Bibliometrics Analysis.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Cyclophosphamide for anticancer therapy-induced interstitial lung disease in the modern era: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Advances in precision oncology using patient-derived organoids and functional biomaterials.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Case Report: A case of reversible pulmonary bullae induced by camrelizumab: a new immune-related adverse event.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Krebs von den Lungen-6 surveillance in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonitis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy‑related pneumonitis: How, when and why to diagnose and manage (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Radiation Recall Pneumonitis: Imaging Appearance and Differential Considerations.Korean journal of radiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Complications of immunotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of liver cancer · 2024Article
- Regional diversity in drug-induced lung diseases among the USA, European Union, and Japan.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Antiviral therapy can effectively suppress irAEs in HBV positive hepatocellular carcinoma treated with ICIs: validation based on multi machine learning.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of thoracic radiotherapy combined with chemo-immunotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2023Article
- Avelumab in metastatic collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, with agents such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and cemiplimab targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and durvalumab, avelumab, and atezolizumab targeting PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Ipilimumab targets cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). These inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy in melanoma, lung cancer, urothelial cancer, and a variety of solid tumors, either as single agents or in combination with other anticancer modalities. Additional indications are continuing to evolve. Checkpoint inhibitors are associated with less toxicity when compared to chemotherapy. These agents enhance the antitumor immune response and produce side- effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although the incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (ICI-Pneumonitis) is relatively low, this complication is likely to cause the delay or cessation of immunotherapy and, in severe cases, may be associated with treatment-related mortality. The primary mechanism of ICI-Pneumonitis remains unclear, but it is believed to be associated with the immune dysregulation caused by ICIs. The development of irAEs may be related to increased T cell activity against cross-antigens expressed in tumor and normal tissues. Treatment with ICIs is associated with an increased number of activated alveolar T cells and reduced activity of the anti-inflammatory Treg phenotype, leading to dysregulation of T cell activity. This review discusses the pathogenesis of alveolar pneumonitis and the incidence, diagnosis, and clinical management of pulmonary toxicity, as well as the pulmonary complications of ICIs, either as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer modalities, such as thoracic radiotherapy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.