Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34675629›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2021

Global Correlations Between Chronic Inflammation and Violent Incidents: Potential Behavioral Consequences of Inflammatory Illnesses Across Socio-Demographic Levels.

Ryan Castle, William C Bushell, Paul J Mills, Michelle A Williams, Deepak Chopra, James A Rindfleisch

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of general medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Ryan CastleScience Division, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AR, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7781-7612
William C BushellScience Division, Whole Health Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Paul J MillsHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Michelle A WilliamsHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Deepak ChopraChopra Foundation, Carlsbad, CA, USA.
James A RindfleischEducation Department, Whole Health School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bentonville, AR, USA.
Whole Health Institute · USHarvard University · USThe Chopra Foundation · USUniversity of California San Diego · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis review explores the potential correlation between conditions associated with chronic inflammation and measures of violence across five socioeconomic subgroups. The hypothesis being that since chronic inflammation is associated with increased aggression, an extreme version of which is violence, there should be a correlation between incidents of violence and diseases with one or more inflammatory factors, without an equivalent correlation with the contrast group. An extension of this reasoning would predict a higher correlation among lower socio-demographic index (SDI) populations as a result of fewer resources to prevent either inflammatory disease or violent crime.

methodsIn order to examine this potential correlation, an analysis was made comparing rates of change in incidence between violence, inflammatory conditions, and a contrast group disease of noninflammatory nature, as determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient.

resultsIn the low socio-demographic index, inflammatory conditions demonstrated 80% correlation with interpersonal violence, middle-low socio-demographic index inflammatory conditions demonstrated 60% correlation with interpersonal violence, middle socio-demographic index inflammatory conditions demonstrated 0% correlation with interpersonal violence, middle-high socio-demographic index inflammatory conditions demonstrated 60% correlation with interpersonal violence, and high socio-demographic index inflammatory conditions demonstrated 40% correlation with interpersonal violence. DISCUSSION: The majority of socio-demographic groups showed a significant correlation between rates of change in incidence of violence and inflammatory conditions. This correlation was not found with a similar frequency or strength in diseases not causally linked to inflammation. As predicted in the hypothesis, the highest correlations of inflammatory diseases with violence existed in the lower socio-demographic populations, supporting a link between inflammatory levels and incidences of violence.

Indexed as

aggressionchronic diseaseincidence ratesinflammationinflammatory diseasepublic healthviolence

Identifiers

PMID34675629
PMCPMC8520436
OpenAlexW3205151907

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.