ArticleNature neuroscience2021
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease M
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In one paragraph
Article in Nature neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
166citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
14.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 258 citations in OpenAlex.
- A dual-database bibliometric analysis of post-COVID-19 condition and cognitive dysfunction (2021-2025).Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Cognitive domains affected post-COVID-19; a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the integrity of a human blood-brain barrier model in the absence of infection.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Understanding neuroinflammation in post-COVID-19 syndrome: biological mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic prospects.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Neurological impairment in long COVID: implications for neurodegenerative disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Brain endothelial GαEBioMedicine · 2026Article
- The seven human coronavirus main proteases exhibit differential modulation of NF-κB suppression via TAB1 cleavage.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Psychiatric and Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Through the Global Pandemic in Central Romania.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Blood flow patterns in mice are regulated by interpericyte tunneling nanotubes connecting functionally-opposite neuronal areas.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Long COVID-associated neurological symptoms and brain fog: Understanding the mechanism of neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, diagnostics, and therapeutics.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Main Protease From SARS-CoV-2 Dysregulates Glucose Handling in the C2C12 Cell Line In Vitro: A Mechanistic Study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors and RIPK1 inhibitors with synergistic antiviral efficacy in a mouse COVID-19 model.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 associated neurological disorder ("HAND" to "SAND"): Viral infection as a "time-bomb" for the aging brain.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 enhances complement-mediated endothelial injury via the suppression of membrane complement regulatory proteins.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 spike immunization with non-replicative antibiotic resistance-free DNA vaccine induces immunity to multiple virus variants.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chronic Neuroplasticity Changes Following Neurotropic Viral Infection: Mechanisms and Implications.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Neuroimmune pathophysiology of long COVID.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Dysregulates Hepatic Insulin Signaling and Glucose Uptake: Implications for Post-COVID-19 Diabetogenesis.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Article
- Elevated neuroinflammation, autoimmunity, and altered IgG glycosylation profile in the cerebral spinal fluid of severe COVID-19 patients.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 in human brain and its association with Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
46 authors at 13 institutions in 5 countries.
Jan Wenzel *Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6313-2439
Josephine Lampe *Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Helge Müller-Fielitz *Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-4426
Raphael SchusterInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Marietta ZilleInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0609-8956
Kristin MüllerInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Markus KrohnInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-9048
Jakob KörbelinDepartment of Oncology, Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-7182
Linlin ZhangInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Ümit ÖzorhanInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-2818
Vanessa NeveInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Julian U G WagnerDZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany.
Denisa BojkovaInstitute of Medical Virology, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Mariana ShumliakivskaInstitute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Yun JiangInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2886-7373
Anke FähnrichInstitute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Fabian OttInstitute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Valentin SencioCentre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-4317
Cyril RobilCentre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-244X
Susanne PfefferleInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-6557
Florent SauveUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, DISTALZ, EGID, Lille, France.
Caio Fernando Ferreira CoêlhoUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, DISTALZ, EGID, Lille, France.
Jonas FranzInstitute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-6622
Frauke SpieckerInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Beate LembrichInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Sonja BinderInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Nina FellerInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Peter KönigAirway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany.
Hauke BuschInstitute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Ludovic CollinRoche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
Roberto VillaseñorRoche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
Olaf JöhrenInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-5133
Hermann C AltmeppenInstitute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-6533
Manolis PasparakisInstitute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-0966
Stefanie DimmelerDZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany.
Jindrich CinatlInstitute of Medical Virology, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Klaus PüschelInstitute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Matija ZelicRare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA.
Dimitry OfengeimRare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA.
Christine StadelmannInstitute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
François TrotteinCentre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
Ruben NogueirasDepartment of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-9930
Rolf HilgenfeldInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Markus GlatzelInstitute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-8817
Vincent PrevotUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, DISTALZ, EGID, Lille, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-3615
Markus SchwaningerInstitute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. markus.schwaninger@uni-luebeck.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-9718
University of Lübeck · DEGerman Centre for Cardiovascular Research · DEGoethe University Frankfurt · DEUniversität Hamburg · DECentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRInserm · FRGerman Center for Infection Research · DERoche (Switzerland) · CHSanofi (United States) · USUniversitätsmedizin Göttingen · DEGerman Center for Lung Research · DEUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela · ESUniversity of Cologne · DE
Funding
European Research Council 810331
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can damage cerebral small vessels and cause neurological symptoms. Here we describe structural changes in cerebral small vessels of patients with COVID-19 and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the vascular pathology. In brains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals and animal models, we found an increased number of empty basement membrane tubes, so-called string vessels representing remnants of lost capillaries. We obtained evidence that brain endothelial cells are infected and that the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M
Indexed as
AnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierBrainChlorocebus aethiopsCoronavirus 3C ProteasesCricetinaeFemaleHumansIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMaleMesocricetusMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMice, TransgenicMicrovesselsCoronavirus 3C ProteasesIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsNEMO protein, mouse
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