ArticleBiomaterials research2021
Effect of Whitlockite as a new bone substitute for bone formation in spinal fusion and ectopic ossification animal model.
Article in Biomaterials research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone matrix-inspired whitlockite porous ceramic with effects of autophagy activation contributes to bone regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Poly-ε-caprolactone/chitosan/whitlockite electrospun bionic membrane conjugated with an E7 peptide for bone regeneration.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- MMP13-Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Bone Tissue Formation in the Presence of Collagen Hydrogel.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- Multi-modulation of immune-inflammatory response using bioactive molecule-integrated PLGA composite for spinal fusion.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Enhanced Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Activity of Marine-Plankton-Derived Whitlockite Bone Granules through Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Incorporation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Marine Plankton-Derived Whitlockite Powder-Based 3D-Printed Porous Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBone substrates like hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate have been widely used for promoting spinal fusion and reducing the complications caused by autograft. Whitlockite has been reported to promote better bone formation in rat calvaria models compare with them, but no study investigated its effect on spinal fusion yet. Also, the higher osteoinductivity of whitlockite raised concern of ectopic ossification, which was a complication of spinal fusion surgery that should be avoided.
methodsIn this study, we compared the osteoinductivity of whitlockite, hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium phosphate porous particles with SD rat spine posterolateral fusion model and investigated whether whitlockite could induce ectopic ossification with SD rat abdominal pouch model.
resultsThe micro-CT result from the posterolateral fusion model showed whitlockite had slightly but significantly higher percent bone volume than tricalcium phosphate, though none of the materials formed successful fusion with surrounding bone tissue. The histology results showed the bone formed on the cortical surface of the transverse process but did not form a bridge between the processes. The result from the abdominal pouch model showed whitlockite did not induce ectopic bone formation.
conclusionWhitlockite had a potential of being a better bone substrate hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate in spinal fusion with low risk of inducing ectopic ossification.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.