ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2021
Genomic epidemiology of persistently circulating MDR Shigella sonnei strains associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) in Belgium (2013-19).
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whole genome sequencing analysis of antibiotic resistant genes of Shigella species: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Global distribution and genomic characteristics ofInfectious medicine · 2026Article
- Sexually transmitted enteric infections in men who have sex with men.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The rise in domestic shigellosis and the genomic characteristics ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Genome and antibiotic resistance characteristics ofMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella associated with MSM transmission in Barcelona, 2020-21: outbreak of XRD Shigella sonnei and dissemination of ESBL-producing Shigella flexneri.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Whole-genome sequencing ofMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Using a combination of short- and long-read sequencing to investigate the diversity in plasmid- and chromosomally encoded extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in clinicalMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Distribution and Current State of Molecular Genetic Characterization in Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- MDRJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesShigella sonnei resistant to first-line antibiotics azithromycin and ciprofloxacin are on the rise globally. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of MDR S. sonnei in Belgium and to identify origins and circulating clusters through WGS.
methodsWe undertook demographic, temporal and geographical analysis of 930 S. sonnei isolates submitted to the Belgian National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella between 2017 and 2019. Phylogenetic analysis of WGS data, genotyping and identification of genetic markers of antimicrobial resistance was performed on 372 Belgian isolates submitted between 2013 and 2019.
resultsS. sonnei was identified in 75% (930/1253) of Belgian Shigella isolates submitted between 2017 and 2019. Overall, 7% (69/930) of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin alone, 6% (57/930) showed reduced susceptibility to azithromycin alone, and 24% (223/930) exhibited both. Men were at higher risk of carrying a double resistant S. sonnei strain, compared with women (risk ratio = 8.6, 95% CI = 5.4-13.9). Phylogenetic analysis revealed four independent Belgian clusters of persistently circulating MDR strains, associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) and of the same genotypes as previously described international MSM-related clades. Belgian isolates carried various incompatibility (Inc)-type plasmids, the SpA plasmid and ESBL genes.
conclusionsIn Belgium, S. sonnei isolates from men are much more likely to be resistant to important first-line antibiotics than isolates from women. Multiple co-circulating MDR S. sonnei clusters of different genotypes were identified in the MSM community. Further studies on risk groups are needed for targeted prevention, improved clinical and public health management and antimicrobial stewardship in Belgium.
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