ArticlePloS one2021
The influence of maternal blood glucose during pregnancy on weight outcomes at birth and preschool age in offspring exposed to hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy, in a South African cohort.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Does the evidence support in utero influences on later health and disease? A systematic review of highly cited Barker studies on developmental origins.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Pooled it
- How Do the Different Types of Maternal Diabetes during Pregnancy Influence Offspring Outcomes?Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- The associations between maternal glycolipid metabolism and fetal growth in term births.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Maternal Preconception Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Resistance Are Associated with Singleton and Twin Birthweight of Neonates Conceived by PCOS Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI Cycles.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Association between Maternal Blood Glucose Levels during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Birth Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Early life programming of health and disease: The long-term consequences of obesity in pregnancy.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2022Review
- Hyperglycemia First Detected in Pregnancy in South Africa: Facts, Gaps, and Opportunities.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionLittle is known about the influence of hyperglycemia first detected in pregnancy (HFDP) on weight outcomes in exposed offspring in Africa. We investigated the influence of maternal blood glucose concentrations during pregnancy on offspring weight outcomes at birth and preschool age, in offspring exposed to HFDP, in South Africa. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWomen diagnosed with HFDP had data routinely collected during the pregnancy and at delivery, at a referral hospital, and the offspring followed up at preschool age. Maternal fasting, oral glucose tolerance test 1 and 2-hour blood glucose were measured at diagnosis of HFDP and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose during the third trimester. Offspring were classified as either those exposed to diabetes first recognized in pregnancy (DIP) or gestational diabetes (GDM). At birth, neonates were classified into macrosomia, low birth weight (LBW), large for gestational age (LGA), appropriate (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA)groups. At preschool age, offspring had height and weight measured and Z-scores for weight, height and BMI calculated.
resultsFour hundred and forty-three neonates were included in the study at birth, with 165 exposed to DIP and 278 exposed to GDM. At birth, the prevalence of LGA, macrosomia and LBW were 29.6%, 12.2% and 7.5%, respectively, with a higher prevalence of LGA and macrosomia in neonates exposed to DIP. At pre-school age, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 26.5%. Maternal third trimester 2-hour postprandial blood glucose was significantly associated with z-scores for weight at birth and preschool age, and both SGA and LGA at birth.
conclusionIn offspring exposed to HFDP, there is a high prevalence of LGA and macrosomia at birth, and overweight and obesity at preschool age, with higher prevalence in those exposed to DIP, compared to GDM. Maternal blood glucose control during the pregnancy influences offspring weight at birth and preschool age.
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