Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34673812›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2021

Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.

Zijun Xu, Dexing Zhang, Dong Xu, Xue Li, Yao Jie Xie, Wen Sun, Eric Kam-Pui Lee, Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip, Shuiyuan Xiao, Samuel Yueng-Shan Wong

Open access · goldAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Zijun XuJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Dexing ZhangJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0073-4752
Dong XuACACIA Labs, School of Health Management and Institute for Global Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xue LiDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Yao Jie XieSchool of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Wen SunJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Eric Kam-Pui LeeJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8267-9384
Benjamin Hon-Kei YipJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Shuiyuan XiaoXiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Samuel Yueng-Shan WongJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Chinese University of Hong Kong · HKCentral South University · CNHong Kong Polytechnic University · HKSouthern Medical University · CNUniversity of Hong Kong · HK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.

methodsThis is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adults in February 2020. Outcome measurements included the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-2), and two items from the Clinician-Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale. COVID-19 related factors, physical health, lifestyle, and self-efficacy were also measured. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed.

resultsThis study included 1456 participants (age: 33.8±10.5 years; female: 59.1%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and PTSD symptoms were 11.3%, 7.6%, 38.7%, and 33.9%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, loneliness was associated with being single, separated/divorced/widowed, low level of education, current location, medication, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and going out frequently. Depression was associated with fear of infection, binge drinking, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and longer screen time. Anxiety was associated with more somatic symptoms and lower self-efficacy. PTSD symptoms were associated with more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, higher perceived risk of infection, fear of infection, and self-rated more negative influence due to the epidemic (p<0.05).

conclusionsMental health problems during the COVID-19 epidemic were associated with various biopsychosocial and COVID-19 related factors. Psychological interventions should be aware of these influencing factors and prioritize support for those people at higher risk.

Indexed as

COVID-19DepressionLonelinessSARS-CoV-2Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdultChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMalePrevalence

Identifiers

PMID34673812
PMCPMC8530321
OpenAlexW3207949896

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.