ArticleJCI insight2021
VEGFR2 activity on myeloid cells mediates immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.
Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-1/ PD-L1 bispecific antibody IBI318 combined with lenvatinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a phase II trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Durable complete response following sequential atezolizumab-bevacizumab and delayed transcatheter arterial embolization in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Durable response to pembrolizumab plus axitinib in platinum-resistant ovarian clear cell carcinoma: A case report.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- VEGFC as a prognostic cytokine biomarker linking lymph node metastasis to immune suppression in breast cancer.European cytokine network · 2026Article
- Co-targeting EGFR and SUCLG2 disrupts a nuclear transcriptional program driving neuroendocrine differentiation and TKI resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Tumor-Induced Splenic Remodeling: Mechanisms of Systemic Immunosuppression and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- The research progress of gastric cancer vaccines: a narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Advancing Systemic Treatment beyond First Line for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Overcome Therapeutic Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Impact of Sequential Ramucirumab Plus Docetaxel After PD-1 Inhibitors on Anti-PD-1 Antibody-Bound T-Cell Dynamics and Clinical Outcomes.Cancer science · 2026Observational
- Valrubicin-loaded immunoliposomes targeting antigens on immunosuppressive cells to circumvent resistance to cancer immunotherapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Nintedanib enhances the antitumor efficacy of pd-1 blockade, potentially through inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Drug resistance mechanisms of immunotherapy and translational strategies for reversing resistance for hepatocellular carcinoma: from bench to bedside.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting innate immunity in cancer: mechanistic foundations, therapeutic vaccination, and clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The multidimensional regulatory network of the PD‑1/PD‑L1 axis in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment: Implications for novel combination therapies and precision immunotherapy (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for gastric cancer: current status, therapeutic challenges, and future prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- MYC and p53 Alterations Cooperate through VEGF Signaling to Repress Cytotoxic T-cell and Immunotherapy Responses in Prostate Cancer.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Co-phagocytosis of VEGFA with HER2-overexpressing cancer cells induced by HER2-VEGFA-bispecific antibodies improves antitumor responses.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Recombinant oncolytic virus NDV-anti-VEGFR2 enhances radiotherapy sensitivity in NSCLC by targeting VEGF signaling and impairing DNA repair.Gene therapy · 2025Article
- Translational advancements in tumor vaccine therapies for glioblastomas.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a hallmark of cancer, is induced by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (hereafter VEGF). As a result, anti-VEGF therapy is commonly used for cancer treatment. Recent studies have found that VEGF expression is also associated with immune suppression in patients with cancer. This connection has been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies by evaluating the therapeutic effect of combining antiangiogenic reagents with immune therapy. However, the mechanisms of how anti-VEGF strategies enhance immune therapy are not fully understood. We and others have shown selective elevation of VEGFR2 expression on tumor-associated myeloid cells in tumor-bearing animals. Here, we investigated the function of VEGFR2+ myeloid cells in regulating tumor immunity and found VEGF induced an immunosuppressive phenotype in VEGFR2+ myeloid cells, including directly upregulating the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. Moreover, we found that VEGF blockade inhibited the immunosuppressive phenotype of VEGFR2+ myeloid cells, increased T cell activation, and enhanced the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. This study highlights the function of VEGFR2 on myeloid cells and provides mechanistic insight on how VEGF inhibition potentiates immune checkpoint blockade.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.