ArticleFood and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association2021
Toxicity, uptake, and nuclear translocation of ingested micro-nanoplastics in an in vitro model of the small intestinal epithelium.
Article in Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Lifecycle Implications of Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs): Interactions with Coexposed Environmental Pollutants (EPs) and Impact on Their Toxicity and Bioavailability.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Human Intestine: A Review of Health Implications and Possible Dietary Interventions.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Review
- Bioplastics Toxicity upon Ingestion: A Critical Review of Biotransformation and Gastrointestinal Effects.Polymers · 2026Review
- Emerging evidence on micro- and nanoplastics carcinogenicity: mechanisms, models, and signaling networks.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Methodology, characterization, and multiple-path particle dosimetry modeling of laboratory inhalation exposure for micro-nanoplastic particles in rodents.Microplastics and nanoplastics · 2026Article
- Microplastic induced cascades of multiple cell death pathways: inflammation, immune imbalance, and cancer susceptibility.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Article
- Microplastic exposure induces epithelial barrier alterations and increases collagen deposition in a 3D human endometrial model in vitro.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle Uptake and Crossing by Human In Vitro Models of Intestinal Barriers: A Scoping Review.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hydrophobins fromEnvironmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Toxicity and absorption of polystyrene micro-nanoplastics in healthy and Crohn's disease human duodenum-chip models.Journal of hazardous materials · 2025Article
- Micro- and nanoplastic toxicity in humans: Exposure pathways, cellular effects, and mitigation strategies.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Unveiling the toxicity of micro-nanoplastics: A systematic exploration of understanding environmental and health implications.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Assessing the Impact of Nanoplastics in Biological Systems: Systematic Review of In Vitro Animal Studies.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Micro- and Nanoplastics and Fetal Health: Challenges in Assessment and Evidence from Epidemiological Studies.Toxics · 2025Review
- Development and characterization of reference environmentally relevant micro-nano-plastics for risk assessment studies.NanoImpact · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of microplastics on gastrointestinal injury and liver metabolism disorder (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Exposure of Polystyrene Nano- and Microplastics in Increasingly Complex In Vitro Intestinal Cell Models.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite mounting evidence of increasing micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in natural environments, food, and drinking water, little is known of the potential health hazards of MNPs ingestion. We assessed toxicity and uptake of environmentally relevant MNPs in an in vitro small intestinal epithelium (SIE). Test MNPs included 25 and 1000 nm polystyrene (PS) microspheres (PS25 and PS1K); 25, 100, and 1000 nm carboxyl modified PS spheres (PS25C, PS100C, and PS1KC), and secondary MNPs from incinerated polyethylene (PEI). MNPs were subjected to 3-phase digestion to mimic transformations in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and digestas applied to the SIE. Carboxylated MNPs significantly reduced viability and increased permeability to 3 kD dextran. Uptake of carboxyl PS materials was size dependent, with significantly greater uptake of PS25C. Fluorescence confocal imaging showed some PS25C agglomerates entering cells independent of endosomes (suggesting diffusion), others within actin shells (suggesting phagocytosis), and many free within the epithelial cells, including agglomerates within nuclei. Pre-treatment with the dynamin inhibitor Dyngo partially reduced PS25 translocation, suggesting a potential role for endocytosis. These findings suggest that ingestion exposures to MNPs could have serious health consequences and underscore the urgent need for additional detailed studies of the potential hazards of ingested MNPs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.