SynthesisChest2022
Risk Factors for Invasive Candida Infection in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Chest, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence, mortality, and comorbidities of patients with diabetes mellitus and proven Candida auris emerging infection: a systematic review & meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- [S3 guideline on sepsis-prevention, diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up care-update 2025].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2025Guideline
- Brazilian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of candidemia and invasive candidiasis in adults and children.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesGuideline
- Clinical Characteristics, Management and Outcomes of Nonintensive Care Unit Candidemia: Subanalysis of the ECMMOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- (1 → 3)-β-D-Glucan-guided antifungal therapy in adults with sepsis: the CandiSep randomized clinical trial.Intensive care medicine · 2022Trial
- Sensing the host atmosphere: carbon dioxide regulates virulence and drug response in medically relevant fungi.Medical gas research · 2026Review
- Preventive action of ketamine alone and in combination with antifungals on Candida biofilm formation in catheters.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- A review of bloodstream infections-pathogens, pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, treatment methods-challenges and future aspects.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- WHO Critical Priority Fungi: A Comprehensive Review of Antifungal Resistance, Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, and the Potential of Antifungal Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Host-to-Pathogen Transfer of Neutrophil Components via Extracellular Vesicles Shields Candida albicans From Immune Attack in Human Blood.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Review
- New Acylglucoses fromPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Efficacy of fluconazole prophylaxis for late-onset invasive fungal infection in very preterm infants/very low birth weight infants: a retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Article
- Subtractive proteomics-assisted putative drug target and inhibitor identification: a study based on six Candida species.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Hour-1 Sepsis Bundle: Updated Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical Utility of the Paed-EQUAL Candida Score in Paediatric Candidemia: A Real-World Cohort Study.Mycoses · 2026Observational
- Temporal changes in mortality and risk factors of candidemia in intensive care unit patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Invasive Candidiasis in Critically Ill Patients: Fundamental Concepts and Future Directions.Chest · 2026Review
- Biofilm formation efficiency by Candida species isolated from gastric mucosa of intragastric balloon patient under extremely low pH.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Practice guideline on the prevention and treatment of central line-associated bloodstream infection: Part 2 - Treatment.Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCurrent guidelines recommend empirical antifungal therapy in patients with sepsis with high risk of invasive Candida infection. However, many different risk factors have been derived from multiple studies. These risk factors lack specificity, and broad application would render most ICU patients eligible for empirical antifungal therapy. RESEARCH QUESTION: What risk factors for invasive Candida infection can be identified by a systematic review and meta-analysis? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Biomed Central, and Cochrane and extracted the raw and adjusted OR for each risk factor associated with invasive Candida infection. We calculated pooled ORs for risk factors present in more than one study.
resultsWe included 34 studies in our meta-analysis resulting in the assessment of 29 possible risk factors. Risk factors for invasive Candida infection included demographic factors, comorbid conditions, and medical interventions. Although demographic factors do not play a role for the development of invasive Candida infection, comorbid conditions (eg, HIV, Candida colonization) and medical interventions have a significant impact. The risk factors associated with the highest risk for invasive Candida infection were broad-spectrum antibiotics (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 3.6-8.8), blood transfusion (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.5-16.3), Candida colonization (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.6-14.3), central venous catheter (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.7-8.1), and total parenteral nutrition (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 3.3-6.3). However, dependence between the various risk factors is probably high.
interpretationOur systematic review and meta-analysis identified patient- and treatment-related factors that were associated with the risk for the development of invasive Candida infection in the ICU. Most of the factors identified were either related to medical interventions during intensive care or to comorbid conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.