ArticleJournal of medical virology2022
Long COVID syndrome-associated brain fog.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychological and Cognitive Sequelae of COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and long-term outcomes of brain fog and cognitive impairment in individuals with long COVID: A systematic review.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review to find link between past psychiatric history and development of long covid.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term neurological and cognitive impact of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis in over 4 million patients.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Association between COVID-19 infection and new-onset dementia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 post-acute sequelae in previously hospitalised patients: systematic literature review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies with Control Groups.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Returning to Work after the COVID-19 Pandemic Earthquake: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Is self-report brain fog after mild COVID-19 truly induced by COVID-19 infection? A longitudinal fNIRS study.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Possible Volumetric Changes in the Hippocampus and Olfactory Bulbs After COVID-19: A Stereological MRI Study.Viruses · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative and Cognitive Consequences of Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms in India: Prevalence, risk factors, and persistence.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Nutritional Approaches to Managing Brain Fog: Insights Into Neuroinflammation, the Gut-brain Axis, and Sleep.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Weathering the Double Storm-Resilience in Chinese Older Cancer Patients With Long COVID: A Qualitative Study.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- Clinical relevance of circulating blood microaggregates and reactivation of Epstein Barr Virus in long-term Post-CoVID syndrome patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Persistence of Symptoms and Long-Term Recovery in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Results from a Five-Year Follow-Up Cohort.Infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Toward characterizing brain fog in long COVID: correlates and impact on measurement metrics.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated the frequency of brain fog in a large cohort of patients with documented coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) who have survived the illness. We also scrutinized the potential risk factors associated with the development of brain fog. Adult patients (18-55 years of age), who were referred to the healthcare facilities anywhere in Fars province from February 19, 2020 to November 20, 2020 were included. All patients had a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. In a phone call, at least 3 months after their discharge from the hospital, we obtained their current information. A questionnaire was specifically designed for data collection. In total, 2696 patients had the inclusion criteria; 1680 (62.3%) people reported long COVID syndrome (LCS). LCS-associated brain fog was reported by 194 (7.2%) patients. Female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4), respiratory problems at the onset (OR: 1.9), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR: 1.7) were significantly associated with reporting chronic post-COVID "brain fog" by the patients. In this large population-based study, we report that chronic post-COVID "brain fog" has significant associations with sex (female), respiratory symptoms at the onset, and the severity of the illness (ICU admission).
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